In this Division:

"action level, ionizing radiation" means an effective dose of l milliSievert (mSv) per year;

"action level non-ionizing radiation" means the maximum exposure limit for employees as specified in the standard;

"effective dose" means the amount of ionizing radiation (in mSv) absorbed by the employee's whole body, adjusted for the energy level and type of radiation and the differing susceptibilities of the organs and tissues irradiated, and if only part of the body is exposed, the effective dose is the sum of the weighted equivalent doses in all irradiated tissues and organs; and

"equivalent dose" means the amount of ionizing radiation (in mSv) absorbed by a specific body part and adjusted for the energy level and type of radiation.

Application
14.13.1.1

Sections 14.13.1.2 to 14.13.3.4 apply to all sources of ultrasonic energy, non-ionizing and ionizing radiation, including radiation sources governed by the Atomic Energy Control Act (Canada), or any successor legislation, and the regulations under that Act. but excluding natural background radiation, except as specified by the safety officer .

Exposure Control Plan
14.13.1.2

If an employee exceeds or may exceed, an applicable action level for ionizing or non-ionizing radiation the employer must develop and implement an exposure control plan meeting the requirements of section 14.15.4.7.

Operation of Equipment
14.13.1.3

Equipment producing ionizing or non-ionizing radiation must be installed, operated and maintained in accordance with the applicable standard from the following list, or other acceptable standard to the safety officer:

(a) latest edition of Safety Code 27, Health and Welfare Canada, Requirements for Industrial X- Ray equipment -Use and Installation;

(a) latest edition of Safety Code 6, Health and Welfare canad'a, "Limits of Exposure to Radio Frequency fields at Frequencies from 10 kHz to 300 GHz";

(b) latest edition of Safety Code 25, Health and Welfare Canada, "Short -Wave Diathermy Guidelines for Limiting Radiofrequency Exposure" ;

(a) ANSI Standard Z136.1 -1993, "Safe Use of Lasers";

(a) CSA Standard CAN/CSA -C22.2 No.224 -M89 (R1994), "Radiation Heaters and Infrared and Ultraviolet Assemblies for Cosmetic or Hygienic purposes in Nonmedical Applications;

(b ) The Atomic Energy Control Regulations of Canada;

(c) regulations made under applicable Federal or Provincial legislation, and (d) additional requirements that the safety officer may prescribe.

Personal Protective Equipment
14.13.1.4 If required in a standard acceptable to the' safety officer, personal protective equipment must be provided by the railway and properly used by the employee.

Education and Training
14.13.1.5
If an employee exceeds, or may exceed, an applicable action level for ionizing or non-ionizing radiation, the railway must ensure that the employee is adequately educated and trained in the hazards and safe use of the equipment or the materials causing the exposure.

14.13.2 IONIZING RADIATION

14.13.2.1

The railway must ensure that the exposure of employees to ionizing radiation is kept as low as reasonably achievable below the exposure limits.

Exposure Limits
14.13.2.2

(1) An employee's exposure to ionizing radiation must be limited to: (a) an annual effective dose of 20 mSv, and (b) an annual equivalent dose of:

(i) 150 mSv to the lens of the eye;

(ii) 500 mSv to the skin, averaged over any 1 cm2 area at a nominal depth of 7 mg/cm2, regardless of the area exposed; and

(iii) 500 mVs to the hands and feet.

(2) Once an employee has declared her pregnancy, her effective dose, for the remainder of the pregnancy, (measured at the abdomen) from external and internal sources, must be limited to the lesser of:

(a) 4 mSv, or

(b) the dose limit specified for pregnant employees under the Atomic Energy Control Act, or any successor legislation, and regulations under that Act.

Instructions
14.13.2.3

(1) Before an employee uses or approaches equipment or materials whereby the employee exceeds, or may exceed the action level, the railway must prepare written instructions for: (a) the safe operation of the equipment;

(b) the boundaries of the hazard area; " (c)" the work procedures to be followed;

(d) the correct use of any required personal protective equipment; and ( e ) procedures to be followed in an emergency.

(2) The instructions required by subsection (1) must be posted or otherwise available in the work area, or near the equipment controls-

Monitoring Exposure
14.13.2.4

(1) Unless specifically exempted by the safety officer, if an employee exceeds or may exceed the action level, the railway must ensure the employee is provided with and properly uses an acceptable personal dosimeter .

(2) Personal dosimeter data must be submitted to the National Dose Registry of Health Canada, and if requested, a copy must be submitted to the chief inspecting engineer .

Radiation Survey
14.13.2.5

(1) In an employee exceeds, or may exceed, the action level, the railway must conduct a radiation survey which measures the radiation levels in the work areas that may be influenced by the radiation-producing equipment or material.

(2) A radiation survey must include leak testing to determine any unusual source of emission of ionizing radiation or any source of escape of a radioisotope.

(3) The radiation survey must be conducted at least every 2 years, and when:

(a) the equipment has been damaged or modified;

(b) a radioisotope or a radioactive sample has been spilled or accidentally released;

(c) there is an indication of an unusual exposure of an employee to ionizing radiation; or

(d) specified in the equipment manufacturer's instructions.

Records
14.13.2.6

(1) The railway must maintain records of radiation surveys for at least 10 years, and of exposure monitoring and personal dosimeter data for the period of employment plus 10 years

(2) . The records referenced in subsection (1) must be available to the employees.

Reviewing Exposure Information
14.13.2.7

(1) In assessing the adequacy of control measures for ionizing radiation, the railway must use all available exposure information to measure the effectiveness of the controls in comparison with similar industry and occupational groups.

(2) If there is a significantly higher dose profIle than industry averages indicate achievable, the railway must examine the work practices and conditions of exposure at the workplace, and alter them to reduce the unusually high dose as required by section 14.13.2.1.

Reproductive Hazards
14.13.2.8

(1) The railway must ensure that every employee who exceeds, or may exceed, the action level is fully informed of any potential reproductive hazards associated with the employee's exposure to ionizing radiation.

(2) When requested by a pregnant employee or by an employee intending to conceive a child, the railway must make counselling available with respect to the reproductive hazards.

14.13.3 NON-IONIZING RADIATION

Electromagnetic Fields
14.13.3.1

(1) Exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and contact currents from radiofrequency electromagnetic fields must not exceed the limits in the latest edition of Safety Code 6, Health and Welfare Canada, "Limits of Exposure to Radiofrequency Fields at Frequencies from 10 kHz to 300 Ghz"

Lasers
14.13.3.2

Exposure to non-ionizing radiation from lasers must be limited to the exposure limits identified in the following standards, where applicable, or other standard acceptable to the safety officer:

(a) ANSI Standard 2136.1-1993, "Safe Use of Lasers"; and

(b) ANSI Standard 2136.2-1988, "Safe Use of Optical Fibre Communications Systems Utilizing Laser Diode and LED Sources " .

Ultraviolet Radiation
14.13.3.3

(1) For welding, burning and allied processes, the railway must ensure that the requirements for radiation protection in Division 24 of this Part, are met.

(2) Exposure to ultraviolet radiation produced by equipment or industrial process must be limited to levels in "Thresholds Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents", 1995-1996, published by the ACGIH.

(3) Employees affected by ultraviolet radiation from the sun and other natural sources, must take effective means to limit exposure, such as appropriate dress and the use of blocking creams.

Ultrasound
14.13.3.4

The operation of equipment which emits ultrasonic energy must be in accordance with the practices and procedures identified in the latest edition of Safety Code 24, Health and Welfare Canada-"Guidelines for the Safe Use of Ultrasound: Part 2 -Industrial and Commercial Applications

In this subdivision:

"unacclimatized" means an employee who is not accustomed to working in hot environments or who has been removed from a hot environment for seven consecutive days;

"WBGT0C" means the wet bulb globe temperature measured with a black globe thermometer (GT), wet-bulb thermometer (WT), an a dry thermometer (DB) and measured according to the equations:

1. for indoor or outdoor environments with no solar load, WBG~C = 0.7WB + 0.3 GT, and
2. (b) for outdoor environments with solar load, WBGT0C = 0.7WB + 0.2GT + 0.1DB;

14.13.4.1

Sections 14.13.4.2 to 14.13.4.10 apply to a workplace where an employee is or may be exposed to conditions which could cause heat related disorders, including exposure to a thermal environment that:

(a) is in excess of the heat action levels in Table 14.22, or

(b) which could result in an employee's core body temperature exceeding 38° C (100° F)

Exposure Limits
14.13.4.2

The exposure of an employee wearing a single layer of light summer clothing must be maintained below the heat exposure limits listed in Table 14.22 by engineering or administrative controls.

Action Levels 14.13.4.3

The exposure of an unacclimatized employee wearing a single layer of light summer clothing must be maintained below the heat action levels listed in Table 14 .22.

Clothing Correction
14.13.4.4
If clothing other than a single layer of light summer clothing is required to be worn due to the nature of the work, the heat action levels and exposure limits must be corrected by subtracting the appropriate clothing correction value listed in Table 14.23.

Heat Stress Assessment
14.13.4.5

If an employee is or may be exposed to conditions which could cause heat-related disorders, the railway must conduct a heat stress assessment to determine the potential for overexposure of the employee by measuring the WBG'PIC or other measuring standard acceptable to the safety officer in the work area.

Exposure Control Plan
14.13.4.6

(1) If it is not practicable to reduce exposure below the heat exposure limits by engineering controls then the railway must provide:

(a) administrative controls such as an acceptable work-rest cycle, or

(b) where it provides equally effective protection, personal protective equipment such as reflective suits or air or water cooled vests.

(2) The work-rest cycle must ensure that the thermal index averaged over the hottest 2 hour period is below the exposure limits listed in Table 14.22.

Provision of Water
14, 13.4.7

The railway must provide and maintain an adequate supply of potable water close to the work area for the use of a heat exposed employee.

Removal And Treatment
14.13.4.8

If an employee exhibits signs or reports symptoms of heat-related disorder, the employee must be removed from the hot environment and assessed by a Level 2 or Level 3 first aid attendant, if available, or by a physician

Warning Signs
14.13.4.9

The railway must post heat stress hazard warning signs in indoor work areas where heat exposure limits could be exceeded if an employee was continuously exposed to heat.

Education and Training
14.13.4.10
Employees at risk of heat-re1ated disorders, and their supervisors and immediate co-emp1oyees must be adequately educated and trained in:

(a) recognition of signs and symptoms of heat related disorders, and

(b) the responsibility to leave the hot environment if signs or symptoms of a heat related disorder occur .

Application
14.13.5.1

Sections 14.13.5.2 to 14.13.5.13 apply to any workplace where an employee is, or may be exposed, to conditions which would cause the body core to fall below 36° C (96° F) or would cause cold-related injury to the exposed skin.

Cold Stress Assessment
14.13.5.2

(1) If an employee is or may be exposed to conditions which could cause hypothermia or cold- related injury .the railway must conduct a cold stress assessment to determine areas and tasks where employees may be at risk.

(2) The potential for accidental exposure to cold conditions must be included in this assessment.

Heated Shelters
14.13.5.3

If an employee is exposed to a an unexpected thermal environment with an equivalent chill .factor less than -7° C (19° F), as determined using Table 14.24:

(a) a heated shelter must be made available near the employee, and

(b) the employee must be instructed to enter the shelter at the onset of symptoms of impending hypothermia.

Note: Mobile equipment with heated cabs or other protected heated areas are considered to be heated shelters

Cold Surfaces
14.13.5.4

When cold surfaces are present, precautions must be taken to prevent frostbite from contact with these surfaces.

Clothing 14.13.5.5

(1) An employee who is at risk of developing hypothermia or cold related injury must wear adequate insulating outer clothing.

(2) For work in a controlled environment such as a freezer the railway must provide protective clothing which affords adequate protection against cold conditions.

(3) If the clothing becomes wet so that its insulating value is impaired, the employee must be provided with the opportunity to change into dry clothing in a heated shelter .

(4) If an employee becomes immersed in water, the employee must be immediately provided with dry clothing and, if necessary, treated for hypothermia.

Eye Protection
14.13.5.6

If work takes place outdoors in snow or ice covered terrain and there is excessive ultraviolet light, glare or blowing ice crystals which present a risk of injury to the eyes, employees must wear eye protection appropriate to the hazards.

Protection of the Extremities
14.13.5.7

Protective mittens, gloves, footwear, head covering and/or face masks appropriate to the hazard must be worn if there is danger of frostbite to the extremities.

Hand Warming
14.13.5.8

If an employee is required to perform work with bare hands and there is a risk of cold-related injury to the hands, provision must be made for warming the employees hands to prevent the

cold related injury .

Accidental Exposure
14.13.5.9
If it can be reasonably anticipated that an employee may be exposed to hazardous cold conditions outdoors as a result of an unplanned event, the employee at risk must be provided with clothing and equipment sufficient to permit survival from exposure to the natural elements until the employee can be removed from the exposure.

Removal and Treatment
14.13.5.10

If a cold-exposed employee exhibits signs of or reports symptoms of impending hypothermia the employee must be removed from further exposure and assessed by a Level 2 or a Level 3 fIrst aid attendant, if available, or a physician.

Waming Signs
14.13.5.11

Warning signs must be posted in indoor work areas where there is a risk of hypothermia or cold related injury

Education and Training
14.13.5.12

Employees at risk of developing hypothermia or cold related injuries must be adequately trained in: /

(a) recognition of the signs and symptoms of cold injury or impending hypothermia;

(b) proper rewarming procedures and appropriate first aid treatment;

(c) proper use of clothing;

(d) proper eating and drinking practices, and

(e) safe work practices appropriate to the work that is performed.

Records
14.13.5.13

The railway must, when required by the safety officer, maintain records of:

(a) the cold stress assessment required under section 14.13.5.2; and

(b) employee education and training.