DEFINITIONS

In this Division:

"8-hour exposure limit" means the time weighted average (TW A) concentration of a substance in air which may not be exceeded over a normal S hour shift;

"15-minute exposure limit" means the time weighted average (TW A) concentration of a substance in air which may not be exceeded over any 15 minute period, limited to no more than 4 such periods in an 8 hour work shift with at least 1 hour between any 2 successive 15 minute excursion periods;

"approved storage area" means a storage area which meets the requirements of article 4.2.7.5 of the BC Fire Code;

"approved storage cabinet" means a flammable liquids storage cabinet which bears a UL or ULC approved label for this purpose or which otherwise meets the requirements of subsection 4.2.10 of the BC Fire Code;

"continuos flow emergency shower facility" means a facility capable of delivering water with a spray pattern designed to effectively flush affected areas of the skin;

"continuos flow eyewash facility" means a plumbed or portable facility capable of delivering a minimum of 1.5 litres of water per minute (0.33 imp. gal per min) with a water pressure not exceeding 175 kPa (25 psi) and with a spray pattern designed to effectively flush both eyes;

"drench hose" means a flexible hose connect to a water supply and capable of delivering a minimum of 11.4 litres of water per minute (2.5 imp gal per min) , for use to flush the eyes and/ or skin;

"flammable gas" means a substance which meets the criteria for WHMIS Class B Division 1 flammable gas, (a compressed gas with an upper flammable limit of 12% or less or with an explosive range of 12 % or more);

"fugitive emission" means a gas, liquid, solid, vapour, fume, mist, fog or dust that escapes from process equipment, emission control equipment or from a product;

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"hazardous substance" means a substance which meets the criteria for any WHMIS hazard class

"hazardous waste profile sheet" means a written description of the hazardous waste which identifies its

hazardous characteristics, hazardous ingredients, and prescribes safe work procedures for handling, storing, using and disposing of the waste;

"personal eye wash unit" means an eyewash that supplements an emergency eyewash facility by delivering immediate flushing for less than 15 minutes;

"portable tank" means a closed container that is designed to be movable while containing liquid, which is equipped with skids, mountings or accessories to facilitate handling of the tank by mechanical means and is not permanently attached to a transport vehicle, as defined in the BC Fire Code;

"storage tank" mean a closed container that has a capacity of more than 250 litres (55 imp gal) and is designed to be installed in a fixed location, as defined in the BC Fire Code,'

"supplementary eyewash facility" means a personal eyewash unit or a drench hose;

"tempered" means maintained at temperatures from 15° C to 300 C (60° F to 85° F); and

"temporary" means non-routine work, and does not refer to routine work of short duration.

Exposure
14.15.1.1

Where employees are exposed to, or where the nature of the employment may cause exposure to a chemical or biological substance likely to cause adverse health effects, the railway must ensure (a) that the substance, the nature of its harmful characteristics, and the precautions required for

the safety of employees, are clearly identified in accordance with WHMIS;

(b) the content and meaning of the information required in subsection (a) is clearly communicated to the employee.

(c) that written emergency procedures have been established for use in the event of an accidental spill or release of a hazardous substance and that all employees who may be affected have been adequately trained in those procedures;

(d) that supervisors and other employees are trained in the safe handling, use and storage of the substance;

(e) that safe means of handling, using and storing such substances are followed; and

(f) that in areas where hazardous substances are being handled, stored or used, graphic signs indicating that smoking is prohibited and that the consumption or storage of food and drinks is also prohibited.

Storage Location and Container Requirements
14.15.1.2

(1) Flammable, unstable, highly reactive, or corrosive substances must meet the following requirements :

(a) such substances must be stored only in a separate room, building, or other enclosure isolated from areas frequented by employees;

(b) locations such as eating rooms, change rooms and clothing lockers must not be used for storage of these substances;

(c) such substances must be stored in a manner and in a location which will prevent the exposure of these substances to conditions, such as excessive temperature, shock or vibration, which could significantly reduce the stability or significantly increase the potential for hazard of any such substance;

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(d) substances which are incompatible must not be stored in a manner that would allow them to mix in the event of container breakage, leakage or other such circumstance;

(e) containers of such substances must be labelled in accordance with WHMIS;

(f) containers must be of such material, design, construction and condition as to ensure secure containment of their contents;

(g) containers must be inert to their contents and reasonably resistant to other substances to which they may be exposed;

(h) containers must be stored in such a manner as will ensure that they will not readily fall, become dislodged or suffer damage;

(i) containers must be kept sealed or covered whenever possible;

(j) storage areas must be provided with ventilation;

(k) only working quantities of substances which are flammable, unstable, highly reactive, corrosive or toxic may be present in working areas; and

(g) bulk or reserve quantities of such substances must not be present in working areas.

(2) The amount of a hazardous substance ill a work area must not exceed the quantities reasonably needed for work in progress, normally in one work shift.

(3) Bulk or reserve quantities must be stored in a designated area separate from the work area

(4) In order to prevent the ingestion, absorption, inhalation or contact with hazardous substances, employees handling hazardous substanc:es or materials contaminated with hazardous substances, must:

(a) follow established procedures;

(b) use the required personal protective devices and clothing; and

(c) refrain from wearing protective devices or clothing other than at places where they are required.

Ignition Sources
14.15.2.1

(1) When a flammable gas or a flammable liquid is handled, used or stored, all sources of ignition must be eliminated or adequately controlled.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) sources of ignition include open flame, spark-producing mechanical equipment, welding and cutting process, smoking, static discharge and any electrical equipment or installation that is not approved for hazardous locations, as specified by the Electrical Safety Act.

(3) The railway must be responsible for the elimination or the control of sources of ignition resulting from the work of the employees of contractors or other persons working on the railway's undertakings, where flamable gas or aflamable liquid is handled, stored or used by either the railway, contractors or other persons.

Grounding or Bonding
14.15.2.2

Metallic or conductive containers used to transfer flammable liquids must be electrically bonded to each other or electrically grounded while their contents are being transferred from one container to the other .

Electrostatic Charge
14.15.2.3

If glass or other conductive container with a capacity of 23 litres (5 imp gal) or more is used to transfer a flammable liquid, the accumulation of electrostatic charge near the surface of the liquid must be eliminated or controlled by:

(a) limiting the flow velocity of the liquid to less than 1 m/s (200 fpm);

(b) using a grounded lance or nozzle extending to the bottom of the container; (c) limiting free fall;

(d) using anti-static additives; or

(e) other effective means.

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Dispensing
14.15.2.4

If a flammable liquid is dispensed or transferred inside a flammable liquids storage room:

(a) the storage room must be mechanically ventilated at a rate of at least 18 m3/hr per square metre of floor area (1cfm/sq ft), but not less than 250 m3/hr (150 cfm);

(b) exhaust air must be discharged to the outdoors, and makeup air provided;

(c) any makeup air duct passing through a fIre separation must be equipped with an approved fIre damper; and

(d) doors must be self locking. "

Flammable Gas or Vapour
14.15.2.5

If it is not practicable to maintain the airborne concentrations of a flammable gas or vapour below the applicable exposure limit, for example, in a temporary situation or an emergency; (a) only the minimum number of employees necessary for the work may be exposed;

(b) every employee exposed must be adequately trained and equipped to safely perform the required duties;

(c) the concentration of the flammable gas or vapour must not exceed 20% of the lower explosive limit (LEL); and

(d) in a life-threatening emergency only, exposure of emergency response employees is

permitted above 20% of the (LEL), provided only those qualified and properly trained and equipped employees necessary to correct the unsafe condition are exposed to the hazard and every possible effort is made to control the hazard while this is being done.

Manual Cleaning
14.15.2.6

A flammable liquid must not be used as a manual cleaning solvent unless:

(a) a through review of alternative solvents by the railway indicates that a suitable non- flammable substitute is not available;

(b) appropriate written safe work procedures are implement to effectively control flammability and health hazards;

(c) the quantity of liquid is minimized, and

(d) the employee is instructed and trained in the safe work procedure.

Pennitted Quantities 14.15.2.7 Except for the quantity reasonably needed for immediate use the quantity of combustible and flammable liquids stored outside an approved storage cabinet, storage room or storage area in any fire compartment (2 hour fire separation) of a building must not exceed:

(a) in closed containers, 600 litres (132 imp gal) of liquids having a flash point below 93.3° C (200 °F.) of which not more than 100 litres (22 imp gal) mat be liquids having a flash point below 22.8° C (73° F) and a boiling point below 37.8° C (100° F); and

(b) in storage tanks or portable tanks, 5,000 litres (1,199) imp gal) of liquids having a flash point below 93.3° C (200° F) and a boiling point at or above 37.8° C (100° F).

Combustible Material
14.15.2.8

Except for packaging used to contain flammable or combustible liquids, combustible shelves, racks, and other materials are not permitted inside a flammable or combustible liquids storage or room or cabinet unless required as part of a fire separation.

14.15.2.9

If a flammable liquids storage cabinet is vented, the vent must be a steel pipe at least 5 cm (2 in) in diameter which is connected directly to the outdoors.

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Containers
14.15.3.1

(1) A tank, cylinder, bottle or other vessel containing a substance under pressure, together with any associated pressure or flow regulator and piping or conveyance system, must be:

(a) protected from sparks, flames, excessive heat, physical damage, electrical contact or corrosion;

(b) equipped with suitable pressure relief Ittechanisms installed so that no employee will be endangered in the event of discharge; and

(c) modified or repaired only in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

(2) Hand-held aerosol spray cans are exempt from the requirements of subsection (I) (b).

Pressure Testing
14.15.3.2

A compressed gas container which requires pressure testing must bear a valid and current indication that it has been pressure tested.

Handling and Securing Cylinders
14.15.3.3

(1) A compressed gas cylinder must not be hoisted by a sling or magnet, dropped, subjected to impact, handled by the regulator or used as a roller or work support.

(2) A compress gas cylinder must be secured to prevent falling or rolling during storage, transportation and use, and where practicable, must be kept in the upright position.

Cylinder Markings
14.15.3.4

A compressed gas cylinder must be marked to indicate its rated pressure and the type of gas it contains

Cylinder Valves
14.15.3.5

(1) The valve on a compressed gas cylinder must be kept closed when the cylinder is empty or not in use.

(2) An employee must not stand directly ill front of a regulator attached to a compressed gas cylinder when the cylinder valve is being opened.

(3) Any valve, regulator or fitting connected to a compressed gas cylinder must be a standard fitting, designed and manufactured for the type of cylinder and compressed gas for which it will be used, and must include provisions for flashback arrestors when necessary .

(4) Unless a compressed gas cylinder is equipped with an integral valve guard, the valve cover must be in position when the cylinder is not connected for use.

Regulator Maintenance
14.15.3.7

Empty Cylinders
14.15.3.8

An empty compressed gas cylinder must be identified as being empty and must be stored separately from other compressed gas cylinders.

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Acetylene Cylinders
14.15.3.9

(1) A compressed gas cylinder containing acetylene must be used in the upright position.

(2) If the cylinder has been stored or transported in a horizontal position, it must be placed in the upright position for at least an hour before use.

(3) A suitable device for closing the valve on an acetylene cylinder must be immediately available when the cylinder is connected for use.

Restriction on the Use of Copper
14.15.3.10

A fitting or tube made of copper or an alloy containing more than 67% copper must not be used in a system carrying acetylene gas, except for copper torch tips and lengths of copper tubing 30 cm (1 ft) or less in length and which are open to the atmosphere.

Restriction on the Use of Oxygen
14.15.3.11

(1) Oxygen gas must not be used in any circumstances where it can" contact a substance that oxidises readily, such as a petroleum product, natural fibre or metal. powder .

(2) Oxygen gas must not be used to:

(a) operate a pneumatic tool;

(b) start an internal combustion engine;

(c) clean equipment or clothing;

(d) create a pressureo11! a container; or

(e) ventilate a work place.

Cleanliness
14.15.3.12

An employee must not permit oil or grease to contact an oxygen cylinder valve, regulator, or fitting.

Exposure Limits
14.15.4.1

The railway must ensure that an employee's exposure to a substance does not exceed the exposure limits listed in Table 14.29.

Excursion Limits
14.15.4.2

If a substance listed in Table 14.29 is provided only with an 8 hour limit, the railway must, in addition to the requirement of section 14.15.4.1, ensure that an employee's exposure to the substance does not exceed:

(a) three times the 8-hour exposure limit for more than a total of 30 minutes during the work period; and

(b) five times the 8-hour exposure limit at any time

Extended Work Periods
14.15.4.3

(1) If the work period is more than 8 hours in a 24 hour day, the 6-hour exposure limit must be reduced by multiplying the exposure limit by the following factors in Table 14.:25

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(2) For some substances with an extended biological half-life, with written permission from the chief inspecting engineer, a factor other than those in subsection (1), or a time-weighted averaging period other than 8 hours may be used to accommodate extended work periods, provided that any such adjustment is based upon recognized occupational hygiene principles, and provides adequate protection from adverse health effects.

Additive Effects
14.15.4.4

If there is exposure to a mixture of 2 or more substances with established exposure limits, the effects of such exposure must be considered additive unless it is known otherwise, and the additive exposure must not exceed 100% when calculated as follows:

AE = %EL(A)+...%EL(B)…%EL(n)

• AE is the calculated additive exposure to the mixture
• N is the number of components in the mixture
• %EL(A) is the measured exposure to component A of the mixture expressed as a percentage of its exposure limit, and
• % EL(B) is the measured exposure to compound B of the mixture expressed as a percentage of its exposure limit.

Skin Notation
14.15.4.5

If skin absorption may contribute to overall exposure, effective measures must be taken to limit exposure by this route.

Workplace Monitoring
14.15.4.6

(1) If an employee is or may be exposed to a harmful substance, the railway must ensure that: (a) a walk through survey is conducted to assess the potential for overexposure taking into account all routes of exposure, including inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact; and:

(b) reassessment is conducted when there is a change in work conditions which may increase the exposure, such as a change in production rate, process or equipment.

(2) If the walk through survey required by subsection (1) reveals that an employee may be at risk of overexposure to an airborne contaminant, the railway must ensure that air sampling is conducted to assess the potential for overexposure.

(3) Additional workplace monitoring to reliably determine employee exposure is required if:

(a) the assessment under subsection (2) reveals that an employee may be exposed to an air contaminant in excess of %50 of its exposure limit.

(b) measurement is not possible at %50 at the applicable exposure limit

(5) The results of workplace exposure monitoring and assessment, or a summary of the results, must be provided to employees at their request without undue delay.

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Exposure Control Plan
14.15.4.7

(1) An exposure control plan must be implemented when:

(a) exposure monitoring under section 14.15.4.6(3) indicates that an employee is or may be exposed to an air contaminant in excess of 50% of its exposure limit;

(b) measurement is not possible at 50% of the applicable exposure limit; or

(c) otherwise required by this standard.

(2) The exposure control plan must incorporate the following elements:

(a) a statement of purpose and responsibilities;

(b) risk identification, assessment and control;

(c) education and training;

(d) written work procedures, when required;

(e) hygiene facilities and decontamination procedures, when required;

(f) health monitoring, when required; and

(g) documentation, when required.

(3) The plan must be reviewed at least annually and updated as necessary by the railway, in consultation with the occupational safety and health committee, if any, or the employee safety and health representative, if any.

Types of Controls
14.15.4.8

(1) If there is a risk to an employee from exposure to a harmful substance by any route of exposure, the railway must eliminate the exposure, or otherwise control it below harmful levels and below the applicable exposure limit listed in Table 14.29 by:

(a) substitution;

(b) engineering controls;

(c) administrative controls; or

(d) personal protective equipment.

(2) When selecting a suitable substitute, the railway must ensure that the hazards of the substitute is known, and that the risk to employees is reduced by its use .

(3) The use of personal protective equipment as primary means to control exposure is permitted only when:

(a) substitution, or engineering or administrative controls are not practicable;

(b) additional protection is required because engineering or administrative controls are insufficient to reduce exposure below the applicable exposure limits; or

(c) the exposure results from temporary or emergency conditions only.

Oxygen Deficiency
14.15.4.9

The airborne concentration of any gas or vapour must be controlled so that an employee is not exposed to an oxygen deficient atmosphere, and there is no other hazard, such as fire or explosion.

Designated Substances
14.15.4.10 (1) When a substance bearing any of the following designations in Table 14.29 is present in the workplace, the railway must replace it, whenever practicable, with a material which reduces the risk to employees:

(a) Kl, K2 or carcinogen;

(b) Rl or R2 reproductive toxin; and

(c) Z sensitizer.

(3) The exposure control plan must meet the requirements of section 14.15.4.7

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Protective Policy
14.15.4.11

(1) At any work site where an employee is exposed to a substance which is designated in Table 14.29 as a reproductive toxin or sensitizer, the railway must develop policy and procedures appropriate to the risk, which may include protective reassignment.

(2) The policy and procedures required by subsection (1) must:

(a) inform employees about the reproductive toxin and identify ways to minimi7e exposure to the toxin for an employee who has advised the railway of pregnancy or intent to conceive a child; and

(b) identify ways to eliminate or minimize exposure to a sensitizer for an employee who is or may be sensitized to that substance.

Investigating Symptoms
14.15.4. 12

(1) If an employee exhibits signs or reports symptoms of overexposure to a harmful substance present in the workplace, the railway must investigate and assess the potential for exposure.

(2) If the assessment demonstrates that the signs or symptoms can be caused by exposure to a

harmful substance that is present in the workplace, further investigation must be conducted, in consultation with the occupational safety and health committee, if any, or an employee safety and health representative, if any, to address and resolve the employee's concern.

(3) Records of the investigation required under subsection (2) must be made available to the employees, and maintained by the railway for a minimum of 10 years.

Application
14.15.5.1

Sections 14.15.5.2 to 14.15.5.12 apply to ventilation used for the control of air contamination in the workplace, except for heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HV AC) systems in buildings, which are subject to the requirements on indoor air quality in Division 8.

Engineering Principles
14.15.5.2

A ventilation system for controlling airborne contaminants in the workplace must be designed, installed and maintained using established engineering principles.

Submitting Plans
14.15.5.3

The railway or the railway's agent must submit to the chief inspecting engineer drawings and specifications for an existing or proposed ventilation system if requested by the chief inspecting engineer.

Building Modifications
14.15.5.4

The owner of a building must permit a railway to install an exhaust ventilation and makeup air system to meet the requirements of this Division for controlling harmful air contaminants in the workplace, provided that all such work is subject to the approval of the owner acting reasonably

Controlling Air Contaminants
14.15.5.5

(1) If ventilation is used as an engineering control, an air contaminant must be controlled at the source by an effective local exhaust ventilation system.

(2) If local exhaust ventilation is not practicable, general (dilution) ventilation, or a combination of general and local exhaust ventilation must be used.

Employee Location
14.15.5.6

A local exhaust ventilation system must be designed so that under normal work procedures an employee's breathing zone is not located between the source of contamination and the exhaust uptake.

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Ventilation Openings
14.15.5.7

A ventilation system must not be obstructed by material or equipment placed in front of the ventilation openings .

Effectiveness
14.15.5.8

(1) An exhaust ventilation system used to control air contaminants in the workplace must remain in operation until the work process is completed and the air contaminants have been removed so as not to be a hazard to the employees.

(2) An exhaust ventilation system used to control air contaminants in the workplace must be regularly inspected and monitored to ensure that it remains effective.

Failure Warning
14.15.5.9

If failure of an exhaust ventilation system would result in a hazard that is not readily apparent to affected employees, the system must be equipped with a device or other means to warn those employees in the event of system failure.

Makeup Air
14.15.5.10

(1) An adequate supply of makeup air must be provided as necessary to:

(a) maintain the effectiveness of an exhaust ventilation system; or

(b) prevent an air contaminant being drawn into the work space from another work area.

(2) A makeup air supply must not expose an employee to uncomfortable temperatures or drafts

Discharge Air
14.15.5.11

(1) The use of a ventilation system designed to recalculate contaminants into the work area is restricted by the provisions of Table 14.26.

(2) A ventilation system that discharge air from the work area must be designed to minimize the likelihood of exposing any employee at a workplace, including an adjacent workplace:

(a) to an air contaminant in a concentration which exceeds either 10% of its applicable exposure limit in this Division or an acceptable ambient air quality standard established by an authority having jurisdiction over environmental air standards, which ever is greater, and

(b) if practicable to an objectionable odour .

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Flammable Air Contaminants
14.15.5.12

(1) If an operation or work process produces a combustible or flammable air contaminant in concentrations that may present a risk of fire or explosion, the railway must provide a separate exhaust ventilation system for the operation or work process.

(2) Electrical components of an exhaust ventilation system required by subsection (1) must comply with Class I Division 1 requirements of CSA Standard C22.1-94, Canadian Electrical Code, Part I if the components contact the air stream, unless otherwise specified in a standard acceptable to the safety officer .

(3) A dust collector having an internal volume greater than 0.6 m³ (20 ft.³) and being used to control combustible dusts must be located and constructed so the no employee will be endangered in the event of an explosion inside the collector .

Venting Outdoors
14.15.6.1

Whenever possible, exhaust from any internal combustion engine operated indoors must be vented to the outdoors.

Indoor Operation
14.15.6.2

If mobile equipment powered by an internal combustion engine is operated indoors or in an enclosed work area:

(a) the engine must be adequately serviced and maintained to minmize the concentration of air contaminants in the exhaust; and

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(b) the work area must be assessed to determine the potential for exposure of employees to harmful levels of exhaust components

Emission Controls
14.15.6.3

If an employee is or may be exposed to an exhaust gas component in concentrations exceeding the applicable exposure limits, exhaust scrubbers, catalytic converters, or other engineering controls must be installed.

Mobile Equipment Emission Controls
14.15.6.4

Mobile equipment manufactured after January 1, 1999 that is regularly operated indoors must be:

(a) equipped with emission control system that includes a feedback control for air/fuel ratio, and

a three-way catalytic converter if the mobile equipment is powered by gasoline, propane or natural gas; or

(b ) equipped with a scrubber or emission control system that reduces particulate emissions by at least 70% when tested according to the procedures of the Mine Safety and Health Administration, US Department of Labour , or other standard acceptable to the safety officer , if the mobile equipment is powered by diesel fuel.

Label
14.15.7.1

If a railway produces, stores, handles or disposes of a hazardous waste at a workplace, the railway must, except as provided in section 14.15.7.4, ensure that a workplace label is applied to each container of hazardous waste, or the information mandated by the Controlled Products Regulations (Canada) is provided, if applicable.

Placard 14.15.7.2 (1)

(1) A railway may identify a hazardous waste which is not in a container by posting a placard in a

workplace which:

(a) discloses the information required for a workplace label; and

(b) is of a size and in locations so that the information is conspicuous and clearly legible to employees.

(2) If a fugitive emission that contains a controlled product is produced or disposed of, the railway must post a placard which complies with subsection (1), or ensure equivalent information is provided to employees through identification and training.

MSDS
14.15.7.3

If a hazardous waste or a fugitive emission that contains a controlled product is produced, stored handled or disposed of in the workplace, the railway must prepare an MSDS for the hazardous waste or fugitive emission unless a hazardous waste profIle sheet or its equivalent which addresses composition, hazardous and safe measures for the waste or fugitive emission is readily available. .

Sale or Disposal
14.15.7.4

A railway must not sell or dispose of a hazardous waste intended for use, handling, storage or disposal in a workplace unless:

(a) the hazardous waste or container in which the waste is packaged has a label or placard which complies with sections 14.15.7.1 and 14.15.7.2; and

(b) at the time of sale or disposal the railway transmits to the receiver an MSDS for the controlled products in the hazardous waste or a hazardous waste profIle sheet which addresses the composition, hazards and safe measures for the hazardous waste.

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Sharp-Edged Waste
14.15.7.5

Broken glass, metal or similar rigid, sharp-edged waste must be disposed of in a separate, puncture proof waste containers and the contents of the containers must be clearly identified.

Combustible Dust
15.15.7.6

If combustible dust collects in a building or structure or on any machinery or equipment, it must be safely removed before accumulation of the dust could cause a fire or explosion,

14.15.8.1

(1) If a work process may result in harm to an employee from contamination of the employees skin or clothing by a hazardous substance, the railway must:

(a) supply appropriate protective clothing;

(b) launder or dispose of the protective clothing on a regular basis, according to the hazard;

(c) provide adequate wash facilities; and

(d) allow time for washing before each work break.

(2) If work processes involving substances such as lead, mercury , asbestos, silica or pesticides are high hazard, the railway must also ensure that employees are provided with:

(a) clothing lockers in separate rooms for street clothing and work clothing;

(b) heated shower facilities between the rooms; and

(c) time for showering and clothing change before the end of the work shift.

(3) In a remote location where provision of change rooms and shower facilities is not practicable, separate clothing storage and washing facilities must be provided.

Employee's Responsibility
14.15.8.2

An employee engaged in a work process described in section 14.15.8.1 must:

(a) wear the supplied protective clothing;

(b) wash effectively before each work break and at the end of the work shift; and

(c) shower at the end of the work shift, if required by the hazard.

Prohibition
14.15.8.3

Eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics or storing food is prohibited in any work area where a work process described in section 14.15.8.1 takes place.

Emergency Washing
14.15.9.1

The railway must ensure that appropriate emergency washing facilities are provided within a work area where an employee's eyes or skin may be exposed to harmful or corrosive materials or other materials which burn or irritate .

Water Supply
14.15.9.2

(1) For a plumbed emergency eyewash facility, the railway must ensure that only potable water supply is used.

(2) For a portable (not plumbed) eyewash unit the railway must ensure that only potable water or an isotonic saline flushing solution is used.

Access
14.15.9.3

The railway must ensure that access to emergency eyewash and shower facilities is not blocked by material or equipment.

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Risk Assessment
14.15.9.4

The railway must ensure that the selection of emergency washing facilities is based upon an assessment of the risks present in the workplace, and according to Table 14.27.

Equipment Required
14.15.9.5

(1) The railway must ensure, except where it is not practicable to provide a permanent water supply, such as a remote or transient worksite, that emergency eyewash and shower facilities are provided and located as specified in Table 14.28.

(2) Requirements for tempered water in Table 14.28 do not apply if the advice of a medical professional indicates that tempered washing would increase the risk of injury in a particular application.

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Transient Worksites
14.15.9.6

(1) The railway must ensure that portable self-contained units are provided, where it is not practicable to provide a permanent water supply at transient worksites such as construction sites.

(2) The railway must ensure that portable self-contained units at these transient worksites are capable of delivering a minimum flush duration of 15 minutes (or more if required by the nature of the material) if there is a high or moderate risk of injury to the eyes or skin.

Remote Worksites
14.15.9.7

The railway must ensure that effective means to flush the eyes or skin, based on an assessment of the risk, is reasonably available at a remote worksite if it is not practicable to provide a portable self-contained unit.

Signs
14.15.9.8

The railway must ensure that emergency eyewash and shower facilities are clearly identified by signs which indicate their location and provide clear directions for their use.

Testing and Maintenance
14.15.9.9

(1) The railway must ensure that an emergency eyewash or shower facility is tested upon initial installation in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions

(2) The railway must ensure that a plumbed emergency eyewash or shower facility is full flow tested at least once per month, for a sufficient length of time to completely flush the water line suppling the eyewash or shower facility

(3) The railway must ensure that water or flushing solution stored in a portable (non-plumbed) eyewash facility is protected from contaminants and treated or replaced regularly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to prevent the growth of micro-organisms.

Training
14.15.9.10

The railway must ensure that employees who are required to use emergency eyewash or shower facilities are adequately trained in their location and proper use .

Protection from Freezing
14.15.9.11

The railway must ensure that an emergency eyewash or shower facility and the piping from the supply are protected from freezing.

Valve Operation
14.15.9.12

The railway must ensure that a valve which activates an emergency eyewash or shower facility is designed so that, once activated, the flow of water or flushing solution will continue without requiring the use of the operator's hands.

Emergency Plans
14.15.10.1

(1) A workplace must have a written emergency plan, appropriate to the hazards of the workplace that address the requirements of section 14.15.10.2 and 14.15.10.6.

(2) The plan must address emergency conditions which may arise from within the workplace from adjacent workplaces.

(3) The plan must be developed, implemented and annually reviewed in consultation with the occupational safety and health committee, if any, or the employee safety and health representative, if any.

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Inventory
14.15.10.2

(1) An inventory must be maintained which identifies all hazardous substances at the workplace in quantities that may endanger employees in an emergency including controlled products covered by WHMIS, explosives, pesticides, radioactive materials, hazardous wastes, and consumer products.

(2) The inventory must identify the nature, location, and approximate quantity of all such substances, and the location of the MSDSs.

Risk Assessment
14.15.10.3

A railway must ensure that an assessment is conducted of the risks posed by hazardous substances from accidental release, fire or other such emergencies.

Procedure for Evacuation
14.15.10.4

(1) Written evacuation procedures appropriate to the risk must be developed and implemented to:

(a) notify employees, including the first aid attendant, of the nature and location of the emergency;

(b) evacuate employees safely;

(c) check and conf1rIn the safe evacuation of all employees;

(d) notify the fire department or other emergency responders; and

(e) notify adjacent workplaces or residences which may be affected if the risk of exposure to a substance extends beyond the workplace

(2) Notification of the public must be in conformity with the requirements of other jurisdictions including provincial and municipal agencies

Provision for Spill Cleanup and Re-entry
14.15 .10.5

If employees are required to control a release of a hazardous substance, to perform cleanup of a spill. or to carry out testing before re-entry, the railway must provide:

(a) adequate written safe work procedures;

(b ) appropriate personal protective equipment which is readily available to employees and adequately maintained; and

(c) material or equipment necessary for the control and disposal of the hazardous substance .

Training and Drills
14.15.10.6

he railway must:

(a) provide training in the appropriate emergency procedures to all employees who may be affected; and

(b) conduct drills to test the adequacy of procedures and to ensure that employees and supervisors are familiar with their roles and responsibilities.

An exposure limit in this table is a maximum allowable airborne concentration and is not intended to represent a fine line between safe and harmful conditions, in determining an exposure limit, it

is not possible to take into account all factors which could influence the effect that exposure to the substance may have on an individual employee. therefore, for all harmful substances, regardless of any aligned exposure limit, the guiding principle is elimination of exposure or reduction to the

lowest level that is reasonably achievable below the exposure limit. Because of wide variation in individual susceptibility , some employees may experience discomfort

from some substances at concentrations at or below the exposure limit. Others may be affected more seriously by aggravation of a pre-existing condition, or by development of an occupational illness. Further more, other workplace contaminants may affect an individual's response. The effect of combined c~111ical exposures are often unknown or poorly defined.

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Simple asphyxiants which are not known to cause adverse health effects, other than through reducing oxygen levels in the air , do not have exposure limits and are not included in Table

14.29. As noted in section 14.15.4.9, simple asphyxiants must not be allowed to create oxygen deficient conditions.

The chemical names used in the first column of the table are based primarily on the generic chemical names of the substance. Cross references, are shown in italics, are provided for some chemicals if more than one is in common use. The letters (RT) in brackets indicates a registered trademark. Substances are listed alphabetically by chemical name. Numerals and prefixes, for example, 1,2,3, tert, o-, sec-, cis, are disregarded in determining alphabetical order. Footnotes referenced in this column provide additional substance specific information located at the end of the table.

Column 2 provides, if available, the Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) registry number. If a substance has more than one CAS number associated with it, for example, inorganic lead compounds, the CAS number associated with the parent compound is used.

Column 3 identifies the units in which exposure limits are reported. Aerosols (dust, fumes, mists) and mixtures are typically reported in milligrams per cubic metre (mg/m2). Pure vapours and gasses are reported in parts per million (ppm) .Substances where the predominant exposure is to a fibre are reported in fibres per million (f/ml).

The exposure limit (EL) for gasses and vapours can be converted between ppm and mg/m2 as follows:

EL in mg/m3 = (EL in ppm) (gram molecular weight of substance)
24.45

Columns 4 through 6 indicates, respectively, the 8-hour exposure limit, 15-minute exposure limit and ceiling limit.

The last column provides information on whether skin absorption is a significant route of exposure, and toxicological designations associated with each substance. In some cases, substances are provided with a designation only, and do not have numerical limits. Specific requirements regarding the handling and use of substances must be followed. designations are as follows

Skin: The skin designation indicates that skin absorption can contribute to the overall exposure.

K1 -a confirmed human carcinogen;

K2 -a suspected human carcinogen, and

K3 -a possible human carcinogen.

R1 -a proven reproductive toxin, and

R2 -a possible reproductive toxin.

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Sensitizers: These substances, identified by the letter Z, have been shown to produce an allergenic type of response in some employees after an initial exposure, resulting in the development of symptoms upon subsequent exposure at much lower concentrations .