General Requirements
14.2.1.1

(1) All places where employees are required to be must have safe means of access and egress appropriate to the' conditions of the work area, and employees must not w;e any other means, if these means are hazardous.

(2) If access to any place where employees are required to be is restricted by locks, keys must be available at a central location and this location must be made known to a1J employees.

Arrangement of Places of Employment
14.2.1.2

(1) Places of employment must be arranged to allow the safe movement of employees, equipment and materials.

(2) If, to ensure safety, an aisle or passageway is designated for pedestrian traffic, the route must be clearly indicated by markings or other effective means and, where practicable, floor or grade markings must be used.

Restricted Entry
14.2.1.3

Hazardous areas not intended to be accessible to employees must be secured by locked doors or equivalent means of security , and must not be entered unless safe work procedures are developed and followed.

Door Installations
14.2.1.4

(1) A door installed in a workplace must meet the requirements of the BC Building Code or other standard acceptable to the safety officer .

(2) Doors must not open directly onto stairways, but must open onto floors or landings having a width in excess of the swing of the doors.

(3) Double-acting swing doors must permit a person approaching the door to see any person approaching from the opposite side so as not to endanger their safety .

(4) A glass or transparent door must have hardware, bars or markings so that its presence and position are readily apparent.

Glass
14.2.1.5

(1) Glass or similar transparent material installed in a workplace must meet the requirements of the BC Building Code or other standard acceptable to the safety officer.

(2) A panel, window or sidelight made of glass or similar transparent material, which could be mistaken for a doorway, must have markings so that its presence and position are readily apparent.

Restricted Visibility
14.2.1.6

Employees must not be permitted .!0 work where the visibility within a place of employment is restricted by the presence of smoke, steam or other substances in the atmosphere, unless appropriate work procedures are followed.

High Temperature Hazards
4.2.1.7

(1) Open flames, steam pipes, steam or hot water jets and other high temperatun~ sources must be positioned or shielded to prevent contact by employees.

(2) Where such sources are necessarily unshielded, exposed employees must wear appropriate clothing and personal protective equipment.

Housekeeping
14.2.1.8

(1) Floors, platforms, stairs and walkways used by employees must be maintained in a state of good repair and must be kept free of tripping and slipping hazards.

(2) If such areas are taken out of service the employer must take reasonable means for preventing entry or use.

Spillage of Liquids
14.2.1.9

(1) Where the work process results in the unintentional spillage of a substance on the floor of a work area, and where this spillage could create a slipping or other hazard, suitable means must be adopted to control this hazard.

(2) Disposal methods must be used that do not create hazards to other persons, equipment or structures.

Removal of Waste Materials
14.2.1.10

Refuse, spills and waste materials must not be allowed to accumulate so as to constitute a hazard.

Use of Compressed Air for Cleaning
14.2.1.11

(1) Compressed air or steam must not be used for blowing dust, chips or other substances, from equipment, materials and structures, if any person could be exposed to the jet or to the material expelled or propelled thereby, or if a fire, explosion or other injury or health hazard is likely to result.

(2) Subject to subsection (4) compressed air must not be used for blowing harmful or hazardous dusts or other harmful substances from clothing being worn by employees.

(3) Where such clothing is cleaned prior to leaving the place of employment, suitable cleaning equipment must be used-

(4) Compressed air may be used in specially designated areas for blowing dusts or other substances from clothing being worn by employees, provided that:

(a) the substances have a permissible concentration greater than 1.0 mgJm3, as listed in Table 14.22;

(b ) appropriate eye protection is worn;

(c) the compressed air supply is limited to 69 kPa (10 psig), and

(d) safety nozzles which have the same pressure limiting affect are used, or the compressed air supply pressure is limited to a pressure of 70kPa gauge (10 psi).

Materials Stacked or Stored
14.2.2.1

(1) Material or equipment must not b~ placed, stacked or stored so that it constitutes a hazard to employees.

(2) Stacked materials or containers must be stabilized, when necessary , by interlocking, strapping or other effective means of restraint.

Bulk-Storage Places
14.2.2.2

(1) Employees must not enter any place where there is a danger of entrapment in loose material, unless safe access thereto has been provided by catwalks, walkways, or other means, or unless he is equipped with a safety-harness and lifeline and is attended by another employee who is stationed, equipped and capable of immediately effecting a rescue.

(2) Where the employee must be lifted through an opening of a size that necessitates lifting in a vertical attitude, the employee must wear a harness which will permit lifting in that manner .

Protection Against Falling Materials
14.2.2.3

The area in which materials may be dropped, dumped or spilled must be lbarricaded and protected by warning signs, to prevent the inadvertent entry of employees.

DEFINITIONS
In this subdivision:

"guard" means a protective barrier around an opening in a floor or along the open sides of stairs or a ramp, landing, balcony, mezzanine, raised walkway or any other area to prevent a fall to a lower level, or inadvertent entry into a dangerous area;

"guardrail" means a guard consisting of a top rail 102 cm to 112 cm (40 to 44 inches) above the work surface, and an intermediate rail located approximately midway between the underside of the top rail and the top of the toeboard, if one is provided, or the work surface if no toeboard is provided.

Handrails on Stairways
14.2.3.1

An area accessible to employees must have guards or guardrails installed in any of the following circumstances :

(a) if a raised floor, open-sided floor, mezzanine, gallery , balcony, work platform, ramp, walkway or runway is 122 cm (4 ft.) or more above the adjacent floor or grade level;

(b) on both sides of any walkway over or adjacent to any substance which is a hazard if an employee fell in, or on it, or which over machinery or work areas;

(c) around the perimeter of any open container or containment area such as an open vat, bin, tank or pit which is 122 cm (4 ft.) or more in depth and which has sides that do not extend at least as high as required for a guardrail above the adjacent grade or work surface; or

(d) if a stairway ends in direct proximity to dangerous traffic or other hazard to prevent inadvertent entry into a dangerous area.

Exceptions
14.2.3.2

Section 14.2.3.1 does not apply:

(a) to the front edge of a loading dock, or

(b ) during the construction, demolition, renovation or modification of a work area provided that;

(i) access is restricted only to employees involved in the activity; and

(ii) the requirements of the fa11 protection Division 23 of this Part are followed.

Elevated Worksites
14.2.3.3

If an employee is employed on a work platform or is otherwise elevated above the floor, and the effective height of guardrails, walls, or barricades is thus reduced to less than the height specified in the definitions of Division 14.2, additional guardrails must be installed or a personal fall protection system must be used in accordance with the relevant requirements contained in Division 11 of this Part.

Specifications for Guards and Guardrails
14.2.3.4

(1) Guards in a building must meet the requirements of the BC Building Code 3IJd be appropriate for the use and occupancy of the area.

(2) Guards in areas not part of a building must meet the applicable criteria of subsection (2) to (5), or other standard acceptable to the safety officer.

(3) Unless permitted by subsection (4), guardrails must be installed to withstand a load applied horizontally and normal to the span of the rail, of 550 N (125 Ibs.) applied al: any point along the rail, and a vertical, downward load of 1.5 kN (100 Ibs. per it.) along the top rail, but the horizontal and vertical loads need not act simultaneously.

(4) Guardrails temporarily installed during construction, demolition or renovation of a work area must:

(a) be able to withstand a load of 550 N (125 Ibs.) applied perpendicular to the span in a horizontal or vertical downward direction at any point on the top rail, or be built to the criteria of subsection (5) ; and

(b ) not be made of fibre or wire rope without prior approval of the safety officer .

(5) Unless designed by a professional engineer, temporary wooden guardrail;s on floors and platforms must meet the following criteria:

(a) posts must be spaced not more than 2.4 m (8 ft.) apart, except a scaffold may have posts spaced not more than 3 M (10 ft.) apart;

(b) wooden top rails must be at least 38 mm X 89 mm (2 in x 4 in nominal) lumber for a span of up to 2.4 m between supports, and at least 38 mm x 140 mm (2 in x 6 in nominal) lumber for a span of 2.4 m between supports;

(c) wooden midrails must be 19 mm x 140 mm (I in x 6in nominal) or 38 mm x 89 mm (2 in x 4 in nominal) lumber;

(d) wooden rails must be secured to the tops or inner sides of their vertical supports;

(e) wooden guardrail posts must be at least 38 mm x 89 mm (2 in x 4 in nominal) lumber, and must be installed with the narrow dimensions facing the open edge, and

(f) plastic or wire mesh fencing must comply with the requirements of this section and such fencing must be secured in place.

Floor Openings
14.2.3.5

(1) Openings or pits in floors, roofs, walkways or work areas accessible to employees, must be securely covered or fitted with fixed, removable or collapsible guardrails, which must be identified as such and kept in place except when necessarily removed to work in the opening or pit

(2) Covers or guardrails referred to in subsection (1) must be painted with a highly visible colour .

(3) Where compliance with subsection (1) is impracticable for locomotive and vehicle service pits, the perimeters must be delineated by paint of a high visibility colour extending back at a minimum of 144 mm (6 in) from the edge of the pit, and having a skid resistant surface.

(4) If an employee must enter an area not normally accessible and that has openings that area a danger, such opening must be guarded or personal fall protection must be used by the employee while in the area.

Toe-Board Requirements
14.2.3.6

(1) A11 floor openings, and all elevated walkways and platforms, must be equipped with toe-boards, if there is a danger from tools, materials, equipment and debris falling off the edge of the work surface, or there is a danger of slipping off the work surface due to the environment or work practices being used.

(2) Walkways and platforms at any height, when installed over machinery and work areas, must be equipped with toe-boards.

(3) The top of the toe-board must be approximately 10 cm (4 inches) above the floor or platform, and the clearance between the bottom of the toe-board and the floor or platform must not exceed 13 mm (1/2 inch).

(4) Where materials are stored nearby, toe-boards must be increased in height or solid or mesh panels of appropriate height must be installed to prevent such material from falling.

Walkway Specifications
14.2.3.7

(1) Walkways must not be less than 50 cm (20 inches) in width.

(2) Safe access to walkways must be provided by means of fixed ladders or stairways.

Elevated Vehicular Thoroughfares
14.2.3.8

Curbs must be installed where practicable, to prevent a vehicle or other equipment from running off the edge of an elevated area.

Emergency Plan
14.2.4.1

(1) An emergency plan, including firefighting, must be developed for each place of employment and accommodation, and must include, where applicable, provision for:

(a) training and instruction of employees in emergency procedures;

(b) the evacuation of disabled employees;

(c) search and rescue;

(d) contacting police, fire, hospitals or other emergency response units;

(e) emergency personal protective equipment;

(f) the control of material which may be hazardous during the emergency;

(g) an acceptable emergency warning systems;

(h) regular tests of the emergency procedures, including drills;

(i) posting emergency procedures and relevant information at conspicuous places;

(j) notifying fire departments regarding special fire hazards; and

(k) emergency lighting.

(2) Emergency means of escape must be provided from any work area in which the malfunctioning of a work process could create an immediate danger to an employee, and where regular means of exit could be rendered dangerous or unusable. "

(3) Emergency exits must be designed; marked and maintained to provide quick and unimpeded exit.

Risk Assessment
14.2.4.2

(1) The railway must conduct a risk assessment in any workplace in which a need to rescue or evacuate employees may arise.

(2) If the risk assessment required by subsection (I) shows a need for evacuation or rescue, appropriate written procedures must be developed and implemented, and an employee assigned to co-ordinate their implementation.

(3) Written rescue and evacuation procedures are required for but not limited to:

(a) work at high angles;

(b) work in confined spaces or where there is a risk of entrapment;

(c) work with hazardous substances;

(d) underground work;

(e) work on or over water; and

(f) workplaces where there are persons who require physical assistance to be moved.

Emergency Procedures
14.2.4.3

(1) Emergency means of escape must be provided from any work area in which the malfunction of equipment or a work process could create an immediate danger to employees and the regular means of exit could be dangerous or unusable.

(2) Emergency exit routes must be designed and marked to provide quick and unimpeded exit.

(3) At least once each year emergency drills must be held to ensure awareness and effectiveness of emergency exit routes and procedures, and a record of the dri1ls must be kept.

Maintenance of Fire Suppression Equipment
14.2.4.4

Fire suppression equipment must be maintained and inspected

(a) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions;

(b) in accordance with the BC Fire Code; or

(c) as directed by a safety officer .

Fire Suppression Equipment Inspection Records
14.2.4.5

All fire suppression equipment that require inspections must be tagged with:

(a) the date of the last inspection;

(b) the name of the person who inspected the equipment; and

(c) any other information required by the manufacturer .

Fire Suppression Equipment Inspector's Qualifications
14.2.4.6

Only trained and qualified persons shall inspected and tag fIre suppression equipment.

Training
14.2.4.7

(I) All employees must be given adequate instruction in the fire prevention and emergency evacuation procedures applicable to their workplace.

(2) Employees assigned to firefighting duties in their workplace must be given adequate training by a qualified instructor, in fire suppression methods, fire prevention, emergency procedures, organization and chain of command, fire fighting crew safety and communications applicable to their workplace.

(3) Retraining for fire fighting duties must be provided periodically, but not less than once a year .

(4) An employee who is assigned to firefighting duties,-must be physically capable of performing . the assigned duties safely and effectively before being permitted to do them.

Notification or Fire Departments
14.2.4.8

(1) A railway having at a workplace Controlled products covered by WHMIS, explosives, pesticides, radioactive material, consumer products or hazardous waste's in quantities which may endanger firefighters, must ensure the local fire department is notified of the nature and location of the hazardous materials or substances and methods to be used in their safe handling.

(2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a workplace:

(a) where materials are kept on site for less than 15 days if the railway ensures an alternative effective means for notification of fire departments is in place in the event of a fire or other emergency, or

(b) which is not within the service area of a fire department.

Notification of Utilities
14.2.4.9

A railway whose work activities result in a hit or damage to a pipeline, buried electrical cable or other such utility must notify the owner of the utility.

Procedure
14.2.5.1

(I) The railway must develop and implement a written procedure for checking the well-being of an employee assigned to work alone or in isolation under conditions which present a risk of disabling injury , if the employee might not be able to secure assistance in the event of injury or other misfortune.

(2) The procedure for the checking on an employee's well-being must include the time intervals between checks and the procedure to follow in case the employee cannot be contacted, including provisions for emergency rescue.

(3) A person must be designated to establish contact with the employee at predetermined intervals and the results must be recorded by the person.

(4) In addition to checks at regular intervals, a check at the end of the work shift must be done.

(5) The procedure for checking an employee's well-being, including time intervals between the checks, must be developed in consultation with the occupational safety and health committee, if any. or employee occupational safety and health representative, if any.

(6) Time intervals for checking an employee's well-being must be developed in consultation with the employee assigned to work alone or in isolation.

Training
14.2.5.2

An employee required to work in the circumstances described in section 14.:!.5.1 (1) and any person assigned to check on the employee must be trained in the written pro<:edure for checking the employee's well-being. " .

Annual Review
14.2.5.3

The procedure and system for checking on an employee's well-being must be reviewed at least annually, or more frequently if there is a change in work arrangements which could adversely affect an employee's well-being or a report that the system is not working effectively.

Employee Monitoring Systems
14.2.5.4

(1) The requirements of this subdivision dose not preclude the development and implementation of a computer supervised "Employee Location Monitoring System" (ELM).

(2) Any employee using an ELM system must be trained and demonstrate his competency with the system prior to its implementation.