Standards
14.28.1.1

(1) Except as otherwise required by this Division, a crane or hoist must be designed, constructed, erected, disassembled, inspected, maintained and operated as specified by the manufacturer or a professional engineer, and meet the requirements of the applicable standard listed in subsection (2) to (6) or other standard acceptable to the safety officer .

(2) A bridge, jib, monorail, gantry or overhead travelling crane must meet the design requirements:

(a) for electrical components and functions, CSA Standard C22.1-94,"Canadian Electrical Code, Part 1, Section 40 and CSA Standard C22.2 No. 33-M1984 (Reaffirmed 1992), "Construction and Test of Electric Cranes and Hoists" ;

(b) ANSI Standard MH27.1-1981, "Specifications for Underhung Cranes and Monorail Systems " ;

(c) Crane Manufacturers Association of America (CMAA) Specification #70, (Revised 1988) " Specifications for Electric Overhead Travelling Cranes" ; or

(d) Crane Manufacturers Association of America (CMAA) Specifications #74, "Specifications for Top Running and Under Running Single Girder Electric Overhead Travelling Cranes Utilizing Under Running Trolley Hoist" .

(3) A bridge, jib, monorail, gantry or overhead travelling crane must meet the safety requirements of:

(a) CSA Standard BI67-96, "Safety Standard for Maintenance and Inspection of Overhead Cranes, Gantry Cranes, Monorails, Hoists and Trolleys";

(b) ANSI Standard ANSI/ASME B30.2-1990, "Overhead and Gantry Cranes" (Top Running Bridge, single or Multiple Girder, Top Running Trolley Hoist);

(c) ANSI Standard ANSI/ASME B30.11-1993, "Monorails and Underhung Cranes"; (d) ANSI Standard ANSI/ASME B30.16-1993. "Overhead Hoists" (Underhun2): or

(4) A mobile crane, telescoping or articulated boom truck must meet the requirements of:

(a) CSA Standard Z150-1974, "Safety Code for Mobile Cranes";

(b) ANSI Standard ANSI/ASME B30.5-1994, "Mobile and Locomotive Cranes"; or

(c) ANSI Standard ANSI/ASME B30.22-1993, " Articulating Boom Cranes".

(5) A base mounted drum hoist must meet the requirements of ANSI Standard ASME B30.7-1994, "Base Mounted Drum Hoists".

(6) A guy, stiffleg, basket, breast, gin pole, Chicago boom, shearleg or A-frame derrick must meet the requirements of ANSI Standard ASME B30.6-1990, "Derricks".

Identification
14.28.1.2

(1) A crane or hoist must be permanently identified by legible display of the manufacturer's name, model and serial number on the structure.

(2) Each major interchangeable component of a crane or hoist must be legibly marked to identify compatibility with the crane or hoist, and be uniquely identified.

Rated Capacity
14.28.1.3

The rated capacity of a crane or hoist must be determined by the original equipment manufacturer or a professional engineer in accordance with the applicable design and safety standard and must not be exceeded.

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Rated Capacity Indication
14.28.1.4

(1) The rated capacity of a crane or hoist must be permanently indicated on the superstructure, hoist and load block of the equipment except as provided by subsection (3), and must on a crane or hoist manufactured after January 01, 1999, be indicated in SI (metric) units.

(2) The rated capacity of a monorail crane must be permanently marked on the hoist and at 10 m (33 it) intervals on the monorail beam.

(3) Rated capacity indication is not required on a crane or hoist if the rated capacity is affected by:

(a) the vertical or horizontal angle of a boom or jib;

(b) the length of a boom or jib;

(c) the position of the load supporting trolley; or

(d) the use or position of outriggers to increase the stability of the structure.

Load Charts
14.28.1.5

If the rated capacity is affected by a factor listed in section 14.28.1.4, a legible load chart, showing the rated capacity in all permitted working positions and configurations of use, must be:

(a) permanently posted on the equipment, and

(b ) issued to the equipment operator, who must have it available at all times when operating the equipment

Boom Angle Indicator
14.28.1.6

A crane or hoist with a boom movable in the vertical plane must have a device to indicate the boom angle if the rated capacity is affected by the boom angle, and the device must be readable by the operator at the control station.

Boom Extension and Load Radius Indicators
14.28.1.7

A crane or hoist must have a means or device to indicate the boom extension or load radius if the rated capacity of the equipment is affected by boom extension or load radius.

Reeved-in Devices
14.28.1.8

The rated capacity of a crane or hoist with reeved-in lifting devices must be the net capacity of the equipment, except for mobile cranes.

Support Structure
14.11

(1) The rated capacity of a hoist must not exceed the capacity of the structure supporting the hoist.

(2) Selector switches or other effective means must be provided to ensure that the supporting structure is not overloaded by multiple hoists installed on the structure.

Manual
14.28.1.10

(1) The manufacturer's manual for each crane and hoist must be reasonably available to the workplace where the equipment is being used.

(2) The manual must show the approved methods of erection, dismantling, maintenance and operation of the components parts and of the assembled crane or hoist.

(3) The portions of the manufacturer's manual, or a copy of them, related to safe operation of the crane or hoist must be available at the workplace where the equipment is being used.

Inspection and Maintenance
14.28.1.11

(1) Each crane and hoist must be inspected and maintained at a frequency and to the extent required to ensure that every component is capable of carrying out its original design function with an adequate margin of safety .

(2) A crane or hoist must not be used until any condition that could endanger employees is remedied. (3) Any repair to load bearing components of a crane or hoist must be certified by a professional

engineer or the original equipment manufacturer as having returned the component to a condition capable of carrying out its original design function with an adequate margin of safety .

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Inspection and Maintenance Records
14.28.1.12

Records of inspection and maintenance meeting the requirements of Division 2, of this Part, must be kept by the equipment operator and other persons inspecting and maintaining the equipment for: /

(a) a crane or hoist with a rated capacity of 1,000 kg (2,200 Ibs) or more;

(b) a crane or hoist used to support an employee; and

(c) a mobile crane or boom truck, and any other type of hoisting equipment specified by the safety officer.

Modifications
14.28.1.13

(1) Each crane or hoist must be erected, dismantled, operated, adjusted, inspected and maintained as specified by the manufacturer's manual unless otherwise approved by the original equipment manufacturer or a professional engineer .

(2) Modifications that affect the rated capacity of a crane or hoist must be assessed and the rated capacity adjusted by the original equipment manufacturer or a professional engineer .

(3) Modifications to a crane or hoist must be recorded in the inspection and maintenance records system and the equipment manuals must be revised as necessary to ensure that adequate and appropriate information is available for safe use and maintenance of the equipment.

Certification
14.28.1.14

A professional engineer must certify the rated capacity of a crane or hoist in accordance with criteria from the applicable design or safety standard if:

(a) the origin or rated capacity of the equipment cannot be determined;

(b) the continue safe use of the equipment cannot be assured because of its age or history;

(c) repairs or modifications have been made to load carrying components;

(d) modifications have been made which affect the rated capacity; or

(e) the crane or hoist has been in contact with an electric arc or current.

Access or Egress
14.28.1.15

(1) There must be a safe means of access and egress to the operator's position and to maintenance locations on a crane or hoist.

(2) If the normal safe means of egress is not always available to the operator during crane operations, an alternative safe means must be provided for the operator to get from the operating position to a safe area in the event of a power failure or other emergency.

Audible Warning
14.28.1.16

(1) An effective audible warning device must be installed on a crane or hoist, unless the hoisting equipment is operated using a pendant control and the operator walks near the load.

(2) The operator of a crane or hoist must sound a warning signal when it is necessary to alert other employees to hoisting operations.

Drop Stops
14.28.1.17

(1) Each top-running crane, under-running crane and monorail hoist must have a means to limit the drop of trolley and bridge truck frames to 25 mm (1 in) if a wheel or axel fails.

(2) Drop stops must be able to support the trolley and bridge with the crane or hoist loaded up to its rated capacity and must be so certified by the original equipment manufacturer or a professional engineer by January 01, 2000.

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Rail End Stops
14.28.1.18

(1) End stops must be provided on crane and hoist tracks to prevent the equipment running off the end of the rail or tracks.

(2) The stops must contact the truck frame or be of a height of at least' 1/2 the diameter of the wheels if the wheels contact the stops.

Fenders
14.28.1.19

(1) Fenders must be provided on a crane or hoist which operates on rails if there is a possibility of injury to employees from contact with the equipment wheels moving along the rail.

(2) Fenders required by sun-section (1) must effectively deflect any object from the path of the wheel.

Securing Pins
14.28.1.20

Heel-pins, sheave-pins, shackle-pins and similar devices must be secured against inadvertent dislodgement.

Boom Stops
14.28.1.21

(1) Positive stops must be provided on a crane or hoist with a boom that may fall over backward.

(2) A boom hoist disconnect, shut off or hydraulic relief must be provided on a crane or hoist to automatically stop the boom hoist when the boom reaches the maximum boom operating angle specified by the manufacturer and before the boom stop are contacted.

(3) A jib on a crane or hoist must be restrained from backward overturning.

Molten Metal
14.28.1.22

A crane or hoist that handles molten metal must have 2 holding brakes on the hoisting mechanism.

Sheave Guards
14.28.1.23

A running line sheave on a crane or hoist must have a device to retain the rope in the sheave groove.

Ungrounded Supply
14.28.1.24

An electrically powered crane receiving its source of power from an ungrounded supply must have a ground fault indication system that is monitored on a routine basis.

Controls
14.28.1.25

(1) All controls on a crane or hoist must have their function clearly identified and be maintained in good condition.

(2) All controls on a crane or hoist which cause load movement must return to neutral when pressure from the operator is released, and be located to allow safe operation of the equipment.

(3) A crane or hoist manufactured prior to January 01, 2000 for which continuos pressure controls were not previously required is exempt from the requirements of subsection (2) for the controls to return to neutral when pressure from the operator is released.

(4) Controls for a crane or hoist not operated from a cab must be located to provide a safe distance between the operator and the load being lifted.

(5) A pendant control for a crane or hoist must be supported independently from its electrical conductors.

Operator Protection
14.28.1.26

The operator of a crane or hoist must be protected against hazardous conditions such as falling or flying objects and excessive heat or cold that could adversely affect the safety and health of the operator .

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Cab Windows
14.28.1.27

(1) Cab windows on a mobile crane must be made of safety glazing materials meeting the requirements of ANSI/SAE 226.1-1990, American "Standard for Safety Glazing Materials for Glazing Motor Vehicle Equipment Operating on Land Highways -Safety Code", or other standard acceptable to the safety officer. "

(2) Cab windows on a crane or hoist which is not a mobile crane must be laminated glass, tempered glass, wired glass or clear polycarbonate plastic.

(3) Operator cab windows must be kept clear and must provide an unobstructed field of vision toward the load hook, and window wipers must be functional.

Operator's Seat
14.28.1.28

The operator's seat on a crane must be of a design that allows the operator to safely operate the equipment and the seat must be kept in good condition.

Storage
14.28.1.29

(1) The operator's cab of a crane or hoist must be kept free of unnecessary tools, materials or equipment.

(2) Adequate storage facilities must be provided if it is necessary to keep tools or equipment in the operator's cab of a crane or hoist.

Fire Extinguisher
14.28.1.30

A fire extinguisher having at least a 10 BC rating must be immediately available in the cab of each crane.

Operator's Qualifications
14.28.2.1

1) A crane or hoist must only be operated by a qualified person who has been instructed and authorized to operate the equipment.

(2) An employee must demonstrate competency, including familiarity with the operating instructions for the crane or hoist and the code of signals for hoisting operations authorized by the board before operating the equipment

(3) The operator of a crane must have an appropriate trade qualification valid in British Columbia or be an apprentice indentured in the appropriate trade in British Columbia, or have equivalent qualifications as determined by the Industry Training and Apprenticeship Commission, or to a standard acceptable to a safety officer after the following dates:

(a) for a mobile crane operator, except a boom truck operator, after January 01, 1999, and

(b ) for an operator of a boom truck with a rated capacity of more than 10 tonnes ( 11 tons ) , after January 01, 2000.

Start of Shift Inspection
14.28.2.2

(1) The operator must inspect the crane or hoist at the beginning of each shift and must test control and safety devices as specified by the manufacturer and the applicable safety code and requirements.

(2) If the weight of a load to be lifted cannot be determined, the crane or hoist to be used for the lift must have a load weight indicator, or a load limiting device.

Calibration
14.28.2.3

Load weighing devices, including load moment indicators, on a crane or hoist must be calibrated as specified by the manufacturer or at more frequent intervals, as required, and the date of the calibration must be recorded in the inspection and maintenance records system.

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Unsafe Lift
14.28.2.4

The operator of a crane or hoist must not attempt to move a load if there is any doubt the load can be safely handled.

Contact with Loads and Structures
14.28.2.5

(1) A load must not contact the boom of a crane or hoist and the boom must not contact a structure.

(2) If contact as described in subsectio!!

(1) occurs, a qualified person must inspect the point of contact, and visible damage such as cracked weld or a bent or dented member must be assessed. repaired as necessary and the damage or repair area certified by a professional engineer .

Swing Hazards
14.28.2.6

An employee must not remain within range of the swing of the load or equipment when a hazard is created by the swing movement of the load, cab, counterweight or any other part of a crane or hoist, and the operator must not move the equipment when any employee is so exposed.

Position of Equipment
14.28.2.7

(1) Equipment must be so positioned so that no moving part of the equipment wi11 come within 60 cm (2 ft) of any obstruction in any area accessible to employees

.(2) If the clearance required by subsection

(1) cannot be provided, entry to such areas must be prevented by barriers or other effective means.

Multiple Crane lift
14.28.2.8

(1) Each multiple crane lift must be under the direction of a qualified supervisor who is responsible for the safe conduct of the operation.

(2) A written procedure must be prepared for any multiple mobile crane lift if the load on anyone crane will exceed 75% of its rated capacity , or where other factors make the lift complex.

(3) A written procedure must be prepared for any lift in which 3 or more cranes are used at one time to hoist a load.

(4) Multiple crane lift procedures must address rigging details, wind speed, hoist line speed, crane travel speed, load distribution and other considerations as necessary.

(5) The procedures for a multiple crane lift must be communicated to all persons involved before commencing hoisting operations.

(6) Effective communication must be established and maintained between all persons involved during a multiple crane lifting operation.

Travelling with a Load
14.28.2.9

(1) If travelling with a load, the operator must ensure that the load is carried as close to the ground or grade as possible and rigged to control swing.

(2) If necessary , an employee, designated as the signaller, must walk ahead of a moving load and warn employees to keep clear .

!4.28.2.10

(1) Work must be arranged to prevent passing loads over employees wherever possible.

(2) A crane or hoist operator must not pass a load over employees, unless no practicable alternative exists and then only when the employees have been warned of the danger by an audible alarm

(3) An employee must not stand or pass beneath a suspended load except as permitted by subsection (2).

Unattended Loads
14.28.2.11

A load must not be left suspended from the load hook of a crane or hoist when an operator is not at the controls.

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Hook Position
14.28.2.12

The hook or load block of a crane or hoist must be positioned over the load to prevent side loading of the crane when the load is hoisted.

Signals
14.28.2.13

(1) The operator of a crane or hoist must act only on directions from a designated and competent signaller whenever the operator does not have a clear and unobstructed view of the load hook and the load throughout the whole range of the hoisting operation.

(2) The hand signals used between the .signaller and operator to control hoisting operations must be those signals authorized by the safety officer .

Alternative to Hand Signals
14.28.2.14

(1) Two way radio or other audible or video systems are acceptable to the safety officer and

must be used if distance, atmospheric conditions or other circumstances make the use of hand signals hazardous or impracticable.

(2) Audio and video communications systems used in a hoisting operation must be designed,

installed, operated and maintained according to a standard acceptable to the safety officer .

Dedicated Radio System
14.28.2.15

(1) A two-way radio system used to direct crane or hoist movement must operate on an ultra. high frequency. and at a transmitter power assigned and coordinated by the railway.

(2) Multi-channel radios are not permitted for use to direct crane or hoist movement.

Unhooking Loads
14.28.2.16

A load on a crane or hoist hook must be safely landed and supported, before being unhooked,

Riding Hook or Load
14.28.2.17

An employee must not ride on a load, sling, hook or any other rigging equipment.

Induced Voltage
14.28.2.18

(1) Before a crane or hoist is operated near a source such as a radio transmitter or energized high voltage electrical equipment which may induce an electric charge which could pose a hazard to employees, the following precautions must be implemented:

(a) the crane or hoist must be effectively grounded;

(b) any induced electric charge on the load must be dissipated by applying grounding cables or by other effective means before employees contact the load; and

(c) flammable materials must be removed from the immediate work area.

Subsection (1) (a) and (b) does not apply if work is being performed on a power system in accordance with Division 19 of this Part.

High Voltage Electrical Conductors
14.28.2.19

A crane or hoist must be operated to prevent any part of the equipment, load line or load from coming within the Ininin1um distance of energized high voltage electrical conductors or exposed energized electrical equipment as require by Division 20 of this Part.

Load Testing
14.28.3.1

(1) A bridge, gantry or overhead travelling crane installed after January 01, 1999, or such a crane or its runway which has been significantly modified, must be load tested before being put into service as follows:

(a) all came motions must be tested under loads of 100% and 125% of the rated capacity for each hoist or crane, and the crane must be able to safely handle a load equal to 125% of the rated capacity;

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(b) all limit-switches, brakes and other protective devices must be tested when the crane is carrying 100% of the rated capacity.

(c) structura1.deflectionsmust be measured with loads of 100% and 125% of the .rated capacity .

and must not exceed the allowable deflections specified by the applicable standard; and

( d) the load must be travelled over the full length of the bridge and trolley runways during the 100% and 125% load tests, and only the parts of runways that have successfully load tested may be placed into service. ..

(2) A record of all load tests must be included in the equipment record system giving details of the tests and verification of the loads used, and be signed by the person conducting the tests.

(3) A replacement crane or hoist to be installed on an existing runway may be load tested in the manufacturer's facility and installed on a n existing runway provided that the replacement unit has a rated capacity and gross weight equal to or less than the previously tested rating for the runway, and the runway need not be load tested unless it has been modified since it was previously load tested.

Up travel Limit
14.28.3.2

(1) A bridge, gantry or other overhead travelling crane must have a device which will prevent hook travel beyond the upper safe limit at all design hoist speeds.

(2) The Up travel limit device required by subsection (1) must be tested at the beginning of each shift, and the test results recorded in the equipment record system.

Electrical Conductors
14.28.3.3

Electrical conductors for the bridge and trolley must be located or guarded to prevent contact by employees.

Power Shutoff
14.28.3.4

An electrically powered crane, other than a monorail crane built prior to January 1, 1985, must have a means for the operator to safely interrupt the main electric circuit under any load condition.

Direction Markings
14.28.3.5

A bridge, gantry, or overhead travelling crane operated by a pendant or remote control must have markings on the crane structure or building, visible to the operator, clearly indicating the direction of hook, bridge and trolley motions compatible with those marked on the controls,

Air-Operated Hoists
14.28.4.1

(1) The air supply for an air-operated hoist or winch must be sufficient to safely operate the hoist

(2) Air supply hoses must be secured against inadvertent disconnection.

Electric Hoists
14.28.4.2

An electrically powered hoist or winch must be properly connected to its power supply and grounded according to the Electrical Safety Act and regulations made under it.

Brakes
14.28.5.1

A manually powered hoist must have a ratchet and pawl. load brake, or other mechanism to hold the load at any height.

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Crank Handles
14.28.5.2

The crank handle for a crank operated without automatic load brakes must be: (a) prevented from slipping off the crankshaft while hoisting, and (b) removed from the crankshaft before the load is lowered.

Carrier Vehicle
14.28.6.1

The carrier vehicle of a mobile crane, boom truck or locomotive crane must meet the applicable requirements of Division 22 of this Part.

Load Weight Indicators
14.28.6.2

(1) Twelve months from the promulgation of this standard, a mobile crane, boom truck or locomotive crane with a rated capacity of 10 tonnes (11 tons) or more must have a device that measures and indicates the weight of the load on the load hook or disengages crane functions whose movement can cause the mobile crane or boom truck to lift beyond its rated capacity .

(2) A load indicating device must meet the requirements of ANSI/SAE "Recommended Practice J376-AP85, Load Indicating Devices in Lifting Crane Service" or other standard acceptable to the safety officer .

Level Turntable
14.28.6.3

(1) A mobile crane or boom truck must be operated with the turntable level, except as permitted by the manufacturer .

(2) Level indicating devices must be provided to permit the operator to determine whether the crane turntable or boom truck frame is kept within the limits specified by the manufacturer .

Outriggers and Stabilizers
14.28.6.4

(1) Outrigger beams, jacks and stabilizers must be deployed as specified by the crane or boom truck manufacturer if required to meet load chart requirements.

(2) Outrigger beams on a crane or boom truck must be marked to indicate when the necessary extension has been achieved.

(3) Outrigger beams on a crane or boom truck must be secured against retraction if required by the manufacturer.

(4) Floats must be secured to the outrigger jacks of a crane or boom truck when outriggers are used.

Tires
14.28.6.5

Mobile crane or boom truck tire type, condition and inflation must be as specified by the manufacturer when lifting on rubber .

Supporting Surface
14.28.6.6

(1) A mobile crane or boom truck must only be used on a surface capable of supporting the equipment and any hoisted load without failure.

(2) If a crane or hoist will be used adjacent to an excavation, slope or backfIlled area, a qualified person must determine the location for the equipment hoisting operations.

Travelling with a Load
14.28.6.7

A mobile crane or boom truck may travel with a suspended load only if the crane manufacturer specifies load ratings for this operation.

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Annual Inspection
14.28.6.8

(1) Mobile crane or boom truck must be inspected in accordance with good engineering practice at intervals not exceeding 12 months, and certified as safe for use by a professional engineer, the crane manufacturer or the crane manufacturer's authorized representative.

(2) A mobile crane or boom truck temporarily located at a remote workplace may have an annual inspection and certification required by subsection

(1) delayed up to 3 months after its due date, but the next annual inspection and certification must be done within 12 months of the due date-

Boom Inspection
14.28.6.9

(1)

A boom crane used for driving piles with a vibratory hammer must be inspected in accordance with good engineering practice, and certified for continued service by a professional engineer at least every 3 months, and before being returned to lifting service.

(2) A boom used with a vibratory pile extractor or for dynamic compaction must be inspected in accordance with good engineering practice, and certified safe for continued service at least monthly, and before being returned to lifting service.

(3) A telescopic boom on a mobile crane or boom truck must be completely disassembled and inspected in accordance with good engineering practice at intervals specified in a standard acceptable to the safety officer, and certified safe for use by a professional engineer or the manufacturer .

Standards
14.28.7.1

A miscellaneous material hoist must be designed, constructed, maintained and operated according to a standard acceptable to the safety officer .

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