In this Division:

"design factor" means the theoretical reserve capability of a product, usually determined by dividing the breaking strength by the working load limit;

"proof test of rigging" means a test applied to a product to detennine material or manufacturing defects and

"working load limit" or "WLL" means the maximum weight or force which a product is authorized by the manufacturer to support in a particular service.

Qualified Riggers
14.29.1.1

Rigging and slinging work must be done by or under the direct supervision of qualified employees familiar with the rigging to be used and with the code of signals authorized by the chief inspecting engineer for controlling hoisting operations.

Detaching Loads
14.29.1.2

Loads to be unhooked by an employee must be safely landed and supported before the rigging is detached.

Use or Rigging
14.29.1.3

(1) Rigging and fittings must be used only for the purposes for which they were designed and manufactured.

(2) The load applied to any rigging or rigging assembly must not exceed the working load limit

Component Identification
14.29.1.4

(1) Rigging fittings must be marked with the manufacturer's identification, product identifier and the working load limit or sufficient information to readily determine the WLL.

(2) The WLL of existing fittings not identified as specified in subsection

(1) must be determined by a qualified person, marked on the fitting and such fittings must be removed from service by January 01,2001.

Design Factors
14.29.1.5

(1) The design factors based on breaking strengths for rigging components must be at least equal to the values given in Table
14.40, except as otherwise specified in this Part.

(2) The design factors specified by subsection

(1) may be reduced for a dedicated rigging assembly designed and certified by a professional engineer for a specific lift, but the dedicated assembly must be re-rated according to the requirements of subsection

(1) for continued use.

(3) The design factor for any rigging assembly used to support employees must be at least 10.

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Wire Rope on Mobile Cranes
14.29.1.6

The minimum design factor based on breaking strength for wire rope on a mobile crane, unless otherwise specified by the crane or wire rope manufacturer, is:

(a) for conventional wire rope:

(1) 2.5 for pendant lines, 3 for boom hoist reeving and 3.5 for load lines, during erection, and

(ii) 3 for pendant lines, 3.5 for boom hoist reeving and 3.5 for load lines, at all times except during erection, and

(b ) 5 for wire rope of nonrotating construction

Natural Fibre Rope
14.29.1.7

Natural fibre rope must not be used for hoisting with a power hoist.

Wedge Socket Connections
14.29.1.8

If a wedge socket is used as a wire rope termination, the dead end of the rope must be secured to prevent release of the wedge or rope slippage at the socket.

Open Hook Restrictions
14.29.1.9

(1) A hook must have a safety latch or other means that will retain slings, chains, or other similar parts, under slack conditions.

(2) A hook used in an application where manipulation of a safety latch or other retaining means may cause a hazard to an employee or where there is no hazard to an employee if the load becomes dislodged is exempt from the requirements of subsection (1)

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Securing Pins
14.29.1.10

(1) A shackle-pin, heel pin and similar device must be secured against dislodgement.

(2) The pin in a screw-pin type shackle must be wired or otherwise secured against rotation when use in applications that may cause the pin to loosen.

Wire Rope Lubrication
14.29.1.12

Wire rope must be lubricated periodically as specified by the manufacturer to prevent strength loss due to premature wear or corrosion.

Securing Ropes to Drums
14.29.1.13

(1) A rope must be secured to its winding drum, unless the line is required to automatically disengage from the drum.

(2) A rope must not be fastened to a drum by a knot tied in the rope .

Wraps Required
14.29.1.14

At least 2 full wraps of rope must remain on winding drums when the load hook is in the lowest position.

Reeving Lines
14.29.1.15

Pulling and pulled lines must be connected by a suitable splice, or a cable pulling sock must fully enclose both line ends whenever an employee may be endangered by failure of the connection between the two lines while reeving lines through sheaves or blocks.

Sheaves
14.29.1.16

A sheave must:

(a) be correctly sized for the rope;

(b) have a device to retain the rope within the groove; and

(c) be removed from service if it has a damaged groove or flange

Guylines
14.29.1.17

(1) The strength of each guyline and its anchor must exceed the breaking strength of the load-line rigging arrangement.

(2) A guyline anchor must be placed so that the interior angle, between the guyline and the horizontal plane does not exceed 4SO .

(3) Guylines must be arranged so that the hoisting line pull in any direction is shared by 2 or more guys.

(4) Guylines and anchor systems, if certified by a professional engineer, may deviate from the requirements of subsections (1) to (3).

Spooling Rope
14.29.1.18

(1) Rope must be spooled onto a drum according to the manufacturer's instructions.

(2) Except as provided in subsection (3), employees must not use their hands or feet or any hand held object to guide the rope onto the drum.

(3) In an emergency a steel guide bar of acceptable design may be used to guide the rope onto the drum, but the line speed must be kept as low as practicable and the employee must be positioned to be clear of the drum.

Hand Signals
14.29.1.19

If hand signals are used between a signaller and the operator of a crane or hoist to control hoisting operations, the signals used must be as the outlined in the WCB's Occupational Health and Safety Regulation 15.20.

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Termination Efficiencies
14.29.1.20

The working load limit must be reduced in accordance with the efficiency rating for the type of termination specified in Table 14.41, unless otherwise permitted by the manufacturer .

Wire Rope Clips
14.29.1.21

(1) U-bolt and double saddle type rope clips must be installed and used as specified by the manufacturer .

(2) If the manufacturer's specifications cannot be determined, the number of clips and the installation torque must be as shown on Table 14.42.

(3) The U-bolt part of a wire rope clip must be installed so that it bears on the unloaded end of the wire rope.

(4) Malleable cast iron wire rope clips must not be used for hoisting or other critical applications unless approved by the manufacturer for this purpose.

Wire Rope Splices
14.29.1.22
Wire rope splices made using wire rope clips must:

(a) use double the number of clips specified by the manufacturer or Table 14.42 for a single loop termination, when forming a lap splice, or

(b) use the number of clips specified by the manufacturer or Table 14.42 for each loop termination when forming a double loop splice.

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14.29.1.23

(1) A wire rope termination using a swaged fold back eye must be identified with a serial number or other unique identification code, proof tested before being placed in service, and a record of the proof test kept available for the service life of the termination.

(2) A swaged sleeve used for a fold back eye must be warranted by the manufacturer of the sleeve for the intended application.

(3) A swaged fold back eye termination must be identified with the WLL as required by subdivision 14.29.3.

Wire Rope Rejection Criteria
14.29.1.24

Wire rope must be permanently removed from service if:

(a) in running wire ropes, there are 6 or more randomly distributed wires in one rope lay or 3 or more wires are broken in one strand in one lay;

(b) in stationary wire ropes, such as guylines, there are 3 or more broken wires in one lay in sections between end connections, or more than one wire within one lay of an end connection;

(c) wear, or the effects of couosion, exceed 1/3 of the original diameter of the outside individual wires;

(d) there is evidence of kinking, bird-caging or any damage resulting in distortion of the rope structure;

(e) there is evidence of heat or arc damage; or

(f) there are reductions of normal rope diameter, from any cause, in excess of:

(i) 0.40 mm (1/64 in) for diameters up to and including 8 mm (5/16 in);

(ii) 1 mm f/64in) for diameters greater than 8 mm (5/16 in ) up to and including 19 mm (3/4 in);

(iii) 2 mm (1/16 in) for diameters greater than 19 mm (3/4 in) up to and including 29 mm (11/&>; or /

(iv) 3 mm (3/32 in) for diameters greater than 29 mm (11/8 in).

Nonrotating Wire Rope
14.29.1.25

Wire rope with none rotating construction must be removed from service if:

(a) the rejection criteria in section 14.29.1.24 are met;

(b) the are 2 randomly, distributed broken wires in 6 rope diameters, or

(c) there are 4 randomly distributed broken wires in 30 rope diameters.

Contact with Electric Arc
14.29.1.26

A rigging component or a wire rope that has been contacted by an electric arc must be removed from service until certified safe for continued use by a professional engineer .

Welding
14.29.1.27

(1) Rigging and fittings which have been repaired by welding must not be placed in service until certified safe for continued use by a professional engineer .

(2) Alloy steel chain must not be welded or annealed.

Hook Rejection Criteria
14.29.1.28

A worn or damaged hook must be permanently removed from service if:

(a) the throat opening, measured at the narrowest point, has increased by more than 15% of the original opening;

(b) the hook has twisted more than 100 from the original plane of the hook;

(c) the hook has lost 10% or more of its cross-sectional area;

(d) the hook is cracked or otherwise defective; or

(e) wear or damage exceeds any criteria specified by the manufacturer .

Standards
14.29.2.1

Wire rope, alloy steel chain, metal mesh, synthetic fibre rope and synthetic fibre web slings must meet the requirements of ASME B30.9-1990, Slings or other standard acceptable to the safety officer.

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Inspection Before Use
14.29.2.2

Slings and attachments must be visually inspected before use on each shift, and defective equipment must be immediately removed from service.

Makeshift Fitting Prohibition
14.29.2.3

Makeshift couplers, shorteners, hooks or other load bearing attachments for slings, including those made from concrete reinforcing steel, must not be used unless the working limit has been determined and certified by a professional engineer .

WLL of Slings
14.29.2.4

(1) The determination of the working load limit of a sling assembly must ensure that the WLL of any individual component of the assembly is not exceeded.

(2) The WLL of a sling with more than 3 legs is limited to the WLL of any legs of the sling.

(3) The load carried by any single leg of a bridle sling must not be greater than the WLL of the leg.

Sling Angles
14.29.2.5

If a sling is used to lift at any angle from the vertical:

(a) the design factors required by this Division must be maintained, and

(b ) a qualified person or the manufacturer must determine the required reduction of the WLL of the sling, or it must be reduced according to Table 14.43. "

Adverse Conditions
14.29.2.6

The working load limit of a sling used under adverse conditions, such as in chemically active environments, must be reduced according to the manufacturer's specifications.

Proof Testing Slings
14.29.2.7

Before being placed in service any new, repaired or altered sling having welded couplers or other welded load bearing attachments must be proof tested by the manufacturer, or the manufacturer's representative or an agency acceptable to the safety officer in the manner specified by the manufacturer .

Storage
14.29.2.8

A sling must be stored to prevent damage when not in use

Knots
14.29.2.9

A sling with a knot must not be used.

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Sharp Edges
14.29.2.10

When a sling is applied to a sharp edge of a load, the edge or the sling must be protected to prevent damage to the sling.

Slinging Loads
14.29.2.11

(1) A sling must be selected and used to prevent slipping or overstressing the sling or the load.

(2) A load consisting of 2 or more pieces of material over 3 m (10 ft) long must be slung using a 2 legged sling arrangement positioned to keep the load horizontal during the lift, and each sling must be chocked around the load with a double wrap.

Multiple Piece Lifts
14.29.2.12

For a multiple piece lift:

(a) each member of the lift that is being delivered to a different spot must be independently slung back to the main load hook or master link using graduated length slings

(b) a lifted member must not support another lifted member; and (c) a crane with power controlled lowering must be used.

Sling Identification
14.29.3.1

A wire rope sling with a swaged or poured socket or a pressed fitting must be permanently identified with:

(a) its working load limit;

(b) the angle upon which the WLL is based; and

(c) the name or mark of the sling manufacturer .

Rejection Criteria
14.29.3.2

(1) A wire rope sling must be permanently removed from service when the applicable rejection criteria of section 14.29.1.24 are found.

(2) A sling with damaged end fittings must not be used.

Prohibited Slings
14.29.3.3

Wire rope of nonrotating type construction or of Lang's lay type must not be used in a sling.

Temperature Restrictions
14.29.3.4

(1) A wire core rope sling must not be exposed to or used at a temperature above 205°C (400°F) unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer .

(2) A fibre core wire rope sling must not be exposed to or used at a temperature above 1000 C (212° F) unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer .

Sling Identification
14.29.4.1

An alloy steel chain sling must be permanently identified with:

(a) the size;

(b) the manufacturer's grade and the WLL:

(c) the length and number of legs, and

(d) the name or mark of the sling manufacturer.

Chain for Hoisting
14.29.4.2

(1) Chain used for hoisting must be approved by the chain manufacturer for hoisting.

(2) Proof coil and transport chain must not be used for hoisting,

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Chain Removal Criteria
14.29.4.3

A chain sling must be permanently removed from service or repaired by a qualified person to the original manufacturer's specifications or to the specifications of a professional engineer if the chain has defects such as stretch or deformation, cracks, nicks or gouges, corrosion pits or burned links.

Chain Wear
14.29.4.4

(1) A cabin sling must be permanently removed from service when the chain link wear is more than the maximum allowed by the manufacturer .

(2) If the manufacturer does not specify removal criteria for use in subsection (1), the chain must be permanently removed from service when the chain size at any point of the link is reduced to the values given in Table 14.44.

Periodic Inspection
14.29.4.5
A chain sling must be thoroughly inspected at least once each year and a record of the inspection must be kept.

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Temperature Restriction
14.29.4.6

A chain sling must not be exposed to a temperature above 2600 C (5000 F) unless otherwise permitted by the manufacturer

Sling Identification
14.29.5.1

Synthetic fibre slings must be permanently identified with the

(a) manufacturer's name or mark;

(b) manufacturer's code or stock number;

(c) working load limits for the type of hitches; and

(d) type of synthetic web material.

Temperature Restriction
14.29.5.2

Synthetic fibre web slings must not be exposed to a temperature above 82° C (1800 F) unless otherwise permitted by the manufacturer .

Synthetic Web Sling Rejection Criteria
14.29.5.3

A synthetic fibre web sling must be removed form service when any of the following circumstances occurs:

(a) the length of an edge cut exceeds the web thickness; "

(b) the penetration of abrasion exceeds 15% of the webbing thickness taken asa proportion of all piles;

(c) abrasion occurs on both sides of the webbing and the sum of the abrasion on both sides exceeds 15% of the webbing thickness taken as a proportion of all piles;

(d) warp thread damage up to 50 %. of the sling thickness extends to within 1/4 of the sling width , of the edge or exceeds 1/4 the width of the slings;

(e) warp thread damage of the full depth of the sling thickness extends to within 1/4 of the sling of the edge or the width of damage exceeds 1/8 the width of the sling;

(f) weft thread damage allows warp thread separation exceeding 1/4 the width of the sling and extends in length more than twice the sling width;

(g) any part of the sling is melted or charred, or is damaged by acid or caustic; and

(h) stiches in load bearing splices are broken or worn;

(i) end fittings are excessively pitted or corroded, cracked, distorted or broken, or

(ii) a combination of the above types of damage of approximately equal total effect are present.

Sling Identification
14.29.6.1

A metal mesh sling must be permanently identified with:

(a) the manufacturer's name or mark, and

(b) the WLL for vertical basket hitch and chocker hitch configuration.

Rejection Criteria
14.29.6.2

A metal mesh sling must be removed from service if any of the following damage is visible

(a) a broken weld or a broken brazed joint along the sling edge;

(b) a broken wire in any part of the mesh;

(c) reduction in wire diameter of 25% due to abrasion or 15% due to corrosion;

(d) lack of flexibility due to distortion of the mesh;

(e) distortion of the choker fitting so that the depth of the slot is increased by more than 10%;

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(f) distortion of either end fitting so that the width of the eye opening is decreased by more than 10%;

(g) a 15% reduction of the original cross-sectional area of metal at any point around the hook opening or end fitting;

(h) visible distortion of either end fitting;

(i) a cracked end fitting.

Standards
14.29.7.1

Spreader bars and other specialized below-the-hook lifting devices must be constructed, inspected, installed, tested, maintained and operated according to the requirements of ASME 830.20-1993, "Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices", or other standard acceptable to the safety officer .

WLL
14.29.7.2

Spreader bars and other specialized below-the-hook lifting devices must have their working load limit certified by a professional engineer or established by the lifting device manufacturer .

Identification
14.29.7.3

A nameplate or other permanent marking must be on a spreader bar or specialized below-the- hook lifting device and display the:

(a) manufacturer's name and address; "

(b) serial number;

(c) weight of the device, if more than 45 kg (100 lbs); and

(d) working load limit.

Part of the Lifted Load
14.29.7.4

A spreader bar and all other specialized below-the-hook lifting device must be considered part of the lifted load.

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