DIVISION 32

"construction project' means any erection, alteration, repair, dismantling, demolition, structural or routine maintenance, painting, land clearing, earth moving, grading, excavating, trenching, digging, boring, drilling, blasting, concreting, the installation of any machinery or any other work deemed to be construction by the chief inspecting engineer;

"demolition" means tearing down, breakup, razing, or removal of the whole or part of a building or structure, or of free standing machinery or equipment that is directly related to the function of the structure;

"excavation" means any cut, cavity, trench or depression in the earth's surface resulting from rock or soil removal;

"formwork" includes the foundation, supporting structure, and mold into which concrete will be placed;

"formwork designer" means the professional engineer responsible for the design of formwork

"principal contractor" means, for the purpose of this Division, a qualified person who has agreed with the railway in writing to be the principal contractor, and

"trench" means an excavation less than 3.7 m (12 ft) wide at the bottom, over 1.2 m (4 ft) deep, of any length.

(1) The railway, or the railway's contractor, must ensure that the chief inspecting engineer receives, in writing or by fax, a notice of pr9ject (NOP) at least 24 hours before starting a construction project if:

(b) all part of the permanent or temporary works, except pre-engineered or pre-manufacturered building and structural components, are required to be designed by professional engineer; or

(i) the removal, encapsulation or enclosure of friable asbestos building materials; or

(ii) the demolition, dismantling or repair of any building or structure, or parts thereof, in which insulating materials containing asbestos have been used, or in which asbestos products have been manufactured; or

(iii) an abatement project or other activity involving significant disturbance of lead-containing coatings on buildings, structures or equipment; or

(iv) similar activities which may expose employees to a significant risk of occupational disease, or

(d) the construction project is a new erection, major alteration, structural repair or a demolition of:

(e) the construction project includes a trench more than 1.2 m (4 ft) in depth and over 30 m (100 ft) in length or includes another type of excavation more than 1.2 m (4 ft) in depth, which an employee may be required to enter

(a) the name and address of the owner and, if applicable, any other person engaged to be the prime contractor for the project,

(b) the municipal address of the project, or its location in relation to the nearest highway, (c) a description of the project including a list of the applicable items in subsection (1),

(e) if the project involves an activity listed in paragraph (1) (c), detailed written work procedures which will be used to minimize the risk to employees who might be exposed to a hazardous material specified by that subsection.

(3) If a shaft, tunnel or similar working is to be constructed, the notice of project must confirm that drawings for all temporary and permanent ground support will be available on site for the duration of the project.

(1) The railway must ensure that employees of all contractors and any other persons at the workplace are informed of:

(a) the hazards of any part of the railway's operations at the site, and (b) the safety and health activities to be used to address the hazards.

(2) If a construction project involves the work of 2 or more contractors or their employees:

(a) the railway, or the principle contractor, must ensure that the requirements of this Part are complied with where conditions or activities affect the employees of more than 1 contractor;

(b) each contractor and the employees of that contractor have responsibility for complying with applicable requirements of this Part; and

(c) the railway must notify the principle contractor if one has been engaged, in advance of any undertaking likely to create a hazard for an employee of another contractor .

(3) If a work location has overlapping of work activities of the railway or its contractors that create a hazard to any employees of the railway or its contractors:

(a) the railway must appoint a qualified coordinator for the purpose of ensuring the coordination of safety and health activities for the work location or sites;

(b) provide up-to-date information as specified in subsection (5)"readily available on site; and. (c) each contractor must give the coordinator appointed under paragraph (3) (a), the name of a qualified person designated to be responsible for that contractor's site safety and health activities.

(4) The duties of the qualified coordinator appointed under paragraph (3) (a) include:

(b) ensure that the hazards are addressed throughout the duration of the work activities. (5) The information required by paragraph (3) (b) includes:

(b) a site drawing, which shows the location of first aid and emergency transportation and evacuation marshalling stations; and

(1) Suitable ladders, work platforms, scaffolds or stagings meeting the requirements of Division 27 of this Part must be provided for use by an employee for activities requiring positioning at elevations above a floor or grade.

(2) If provision of facilities required by subsection (1) is not practicable and where a fall of 3 m (10 ft) or more may occur or a fall from a lesser height may involve an unusual risk of injury , fall protection as required by Division 11 of this Part must be used.

(a) capable of supporting a uniformly distributed live load of at least 2 kPa (40 psf), or

(b) designed and installed in accordance with the written instructions of a professional engineer if the anticipated live load will be different than 2 kPa (40 psf) in which case a copy of the engineer's plan and specifications must be available at the workplace.

(2) Employees delivering materials to or working on a temporary floor, decking, floor opening cover or formwork must be aware of the safe carrying capacity of the surface and the precautions necessary to prevent overloading.

(1) A floor and roof opening which could endanger employees must be fitted with:

(a) a cover of adequate size and strength which is clearly marked and identified as such, and is installed to prevent dislodgement while in position, or

(b) a guardrail, meeting the requirements of Division 2 of this Part, around the exposed sides. (2) If compliance with subsection (1) is not practicable, another form of fall protection meeting the

(a) the danger area must be barricaded or effectively guarded to prevent entry by employees, and conspicuous warning signs must be displayed on all sides and approaches; or

(2) Temporary washroom facilities, offices and similar structures on a construction site must be: .

(a) located outside areas where there is a potential of being hit by falling materials, or

(3) Protective canopies must be designed and constructed to safely support all loads that may be .reasonably be expected to be applied to them, but in no case less than 2.4 kPa (50 psi).

(1) Chutes must be provided if the free fall of materials or debris being removed "exceeds 6 m (20 ft

(2) ), Vertical chutes must be completely enclosed and have gates at each point of entry .

(3) The discharge area of a chute must be barricaded or effectively guarded to prevent employees being injured by falling or flying debris and conspicuous signs must be posted near chute outlets to warn of the danger .

(a) be worn in all work areas where there is a danger of head injuries from falling or flying or thrown objects, or other harmful contacts;

(b) be worn by employees in all work areas where there is a danger of head injuries from falling, flying or thrown objects, or other harmful contacts; and

Glass panels installed during construction or alterations must be clearly marked to indicate their presence or effectively guarded at the time of installation.

During the erection or dismantling of a structure or equipment the railway must ensure that all partially assembled structures or components are supported as necessary to safely withstand any loads likely to be imposed on them.

During the construction of a bridge or a structure involving erection of skeleton structural members documentation of all construction details that require engineering, including erection procedures, temporary bracing and false work must be:

(b) updated as necessary to show changes in details or site conditions, and each update must be certified by a professional engineer .

An employee must not walk upon surfaces of structural members that have shear connectors, dowels or other protrusions unless suitable walkways and runways are provided to eliminate the tripping hazard.

(1) The railway must ensure that a set of plans and specifications meeting the requirements of CSA Standard S269.1-1995, "Falsework for Construction purposes" and CSA Standard CAN/CSA- S269-M92, "Concrete Formwork", or other standard acceptable to the safety officer is prepared for formwork for each job and for all items of concrete work, the failure of which could cause injury.

(2) Erection drawings and supplementary instructions for concrete formwork, falsework and reshoring must be certified by a professional engineer and available at the site during erection, use and removal of concrete formwork, falsework and reshoring.

(3) .-The following types of concrete formwork require erection drawings and supplementary information certified by a professional engineer:

(1) A qualified supervisor experienced in the construction of temporary support structures must supervise the erection and use of formwork and falsework.

(2) Employees must be properly instructed by their supervisor on the hazards that they may be exposed to and on the precautions to be taken while around or on formwork and falsework.

(1) Erection drawings and supplementary instructions must clearly show all information necessary to accurately and safely assemble the concrete formwork, falsework and reshoring to the design requirements.

(a) erection drawings showing sufficient plan and section views and connection details, enlarged where necessary, to clearly describe the formwork and permit accurate assembly,

(b) the quality and grade of materials to be used for the components and their connection;

(c) an accurate description of proprietary items, including fittings, to permit field identification; (d) the load bearing capacity required of the material upon which the sills are to be placed and,

where necessary, details of procedures to be used to develop and maintain the required capacity;

(f) construction, erection and dismantling procedures which require special attention including, where applicable, handling multi-use form panels;

(g) details of supports necessary to maintain lateral stability and resist sidesway and racking, specifying materials, dimensions and locations of external braces, ties, and other support devices;

(h) where structural components connect together, the connections detailed to prevent accidental displacement or rotation of the components;

(k) sufficient load and deflection information to permit a professional engineer to understand the design of the concrete formwork and falsework;

(1) the requirement for outstanding field design and detailing where applicable; and

(m) the sequence, method and rate of load placement to prevent overloading of any part of the formwork.

(1) A professional engineer must be responsible for all field designs, details and changes including the effect they may have on the original design.

(2) Field design and changes must be documented as required by section 14.32.4.3 and must be available at the work site and during placement of concrete or other significant loading of the formwork or falsework.

The railway, or if the formwork affects the employees of the railway's contractors, must ensure continuity of design, construction and inspection in the event of a change of professional engineers, or if the separate work of 2 or more professional engineers is involved.

(1) Equipment, materials and hardware which cannot be identified as meeting the standards specified in the professional engineer's drawings and specifications must not be used.

(2) Proprietary formwork components must be used and maintained as required by the manufacturer's instructions.

(1) Protruding ends of reinforcing steel which are hazardous to employees must be removed or effectively guarded.

(2) If an employee is required to be underneath the formwork during a concrete pour or placement of another significant load, the employee must be restricted from where loads are placed.

(3) If loads such as bundles of reinforcing steel are being placed in the formwork, or if concrete has just been placed in the formwork, employees must be restricted from the area under those

portions of the formwork until it can be assumed that the formwork will withstand the load.

(4) Placement of concrete or other loads must stop if any weakness, undue settlement or excess distortion of formwork of a type listed in subsection 14.32.4.1(3) occurs. and may only restart after the formwork has been repaired or strengthened as specified by a professional engineer.

(5) Loads must not be applied to uncured concrete structures except as permitted by the erection drawings and supplementary instructions.

(1) Immediately before placement of concrete or other intended loading, the railway must ensure that the concrete formwork and falsework is inspected and an engineering certificate is issued by a professional engineer, which:

(b ) certifies that the concrete formwork and falsework has been erected in accordance with the latest approved erection drawings and supplementary instructions; and

(2) The certificate required by subsection (1) must be available at the site for inspection by a safety officer.

(3) If a gang form is being reused on the same job site without modification, an inspection by a qualified person must be performed before each pour , in which case a new professional engineer's inspection certificate under subsection (1) is not required.

(1) Concrete pre-stressing and post-tensioning operations must be done according to the specifications and instructions of a professional engineer, and a copy of such information must be available on site while work is being done.

(2) Stressing operations must be carried out under the direction of a qualified supervisor .

(3) Employees involved in pre-stressing or post-tensioning must be instructed in and follow safe work procedures.

(4) Appropriate eye protection must be worn by all employees involved in grouting, stressing and cable trimming operations.

(5) Tendons, including bars, strands ~.d wires, used for tensioning purposes must be protected against physical damage during handling, transportation and storage.

(6) Strand couplers must .not be reused until they have been inspected by a qualified person and determined to be safe for reuse.

(7) Welding, burning or other work must not be permitted on any surface where strands have been strung or tensioned unless proper care is taken to protect the strands from sparks or other heat sources and from stray electrical currents .

(1) Visual or audible signalling devices, or both, must be provided and used in the area of tensioning operations to warn employees approaching the area.

(2) Employees not directly involved in tensioning or detensioning operations must be kept clear until operations are completed and the visual and/or audible signals specified in subsection

Strand elongation and strand deflection must be measured by a means which does not expose the employees to a risk of injury .

(1) During pre-stressing operations employees must be protected by guards or other suitable devices

at the tensioning ends and anchoring points to contain the flying strands and the strand vices in the event of strand failure.

(2) Guards must be fabricated from mild steel plate, not less than 6 mm (1/4 in) thick, or steel mesh with openings 25 mm x 25 mm (1 in x 1 in) or less that provides at least equivalent strength

Deflecting devices must be designed to prevent slipout and to allow backing off of strands from the deflected position.

(1) Written detensioning procedures must be prepared by a professional engineer and followed so that employees are not exposed to danger from equipment or strand failure or structural failure.

(2) Written procedures must be developed and implemented to safeguard the operator and other employees from hazards while cutting strands.

(1) Strand vices and hydraulic equipment and components must be used and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

(2) Strand vices must not be reused until they have been inspected by a qualified person and determined to be safe for reuse .

(4) The supervisor must ensure that operators are given the maximum allowable values for both stretch of the tendon and hydraulic pressure at the pump.

(5) If there is a significant difference between the expected value and the measured value for either stretch of a tendon or hydraulic pressure at the pump, the employees must stop operation on that particular tendon and consult with a professional engineer in charge to obtain instructions on how to proceed.

(6) Each jack pressure gauge must be checked at frequent intervals/against master gauge, and the site engineer must be furnished with a calibration chart.

(1) Only hydraulic pressure hoses with self~seating couplings may be used, and care must be taken to ensure that end connections are not subjected to bending stresses at any time.

(2) Hydraulic equipment must have a bypass valve which is adjusted and maintained to limit the hydraulic pressure so that the tension exerted by the jack on the tendon does not exceed 90% of the minimum specified ultimate strength of the tendon.

(3) Hydraulic hoses must be inspected for flaws, leaks or bubbles after each stressing operation, and any damaged hoses immediately removed from service.

(4) The hydraulic system must be regularly inspected for oil leaks and other damage and the necessary corrective action taken.

When adequate clearance exists, the platform width at jacking locations must be at least 80 cm (32 in).

(1) Each blowout must be reported to the structural engineer, investigated and logged

(2) A copy of the logged entry must be available on site for reference purposes.

If there is a risk of injury from handling coiled post-tensioning tendons a suitable coil handling device must be used.

All jacks must be secured to suitable anchors before they are installed on a cable for tensioning, and must not be unsecured before they are removed from the cable, if a falling jack could endanger workers.

(1) Work must not be undertaken on the erection of premanufactured open web joints and trusses until clear and appropriate written instructions from a professional engineer or the manufacturer of the joists or trusses, detailing safe erection procedures, are available at the work site.

(2) Erection and temporary bracing of open web joists and trusses must be done in accordance with the written instruction required by subdivision 14.32.6.1 (1).

Fall protection as required by Division 11 of this Pan, must be used if work is being done on a roof from which a fall 3 m (10 ft) or more may occur or if a fall from a lesser height may involve unusual risk of injury .

(1) Crawl boards or ladders used for roof work must be securely fastened over the ridge of the roof, or must be otherwise effectively anchored.

(2) The use of an eaves trough to support a crawl board or ladder on a roof is prohibited.

If an employee is employed on a roof having "a slope ratio of 8 vertical to 12 horizontal or greater, the employee must use a personal fall protection system or personnel safety nets must be used, and 38 mm x 140 mm (2 in x 6 in) toe-holds must be used if the roofing material allows for it

Note: Exposed horizontal roof strapping may be used as toe-holds as long as it provides safe footing. " .,

The roof edge about a chute, bitumen spout and material hoist must have guardrails meeting the requirements of Division 2 of this Part or barriers of at least equivalent strength to at least 2 m (6.5 ft) on each side of such a work area.

Mechanical or powered equipment which has the potential to push or pull an employee over an unguarded edge must not be used unless operated according to the manufacturer's instructions and procedures accept~ble to the safety officer .

(1) Excavation work must be in accordance with the written instructions of a professional engineer or professional geoscientist if:

(b) support structures other than as specified in section
14.32.8.4 are used in the excavation;

(e) the ground slopes away from the edge of the excavation at an angle steeper than 3 horizontal to 1 vertical.

(1) Before excavating or boring with powered tools and equipment, the location of all underground utility services in the area must be accurately determined, and any danger to employees from the services must be controlled.

(2) Excavation or drilling work in proximity to an underground service must be undertaken in conformity with the requirements of the owner of the service and with the requirements of the applicable regulations of the provincial or federal authority having jurisdiction.

(3) Pointed tools must not be used to probe for underground gas or electrical services.

(4) Powered equipment used for excavating must be operated so as to avoid damage to underground utility services or a danger to the employees.

Trees, utility poles, rocks and similar objets adjacent to an area to be excavated must be removed or secured if they could endanger employees

(1) Before an employee enters any excavation over 1.2 m (4 ft) in depth or, while in the excavation approaches closer to the side or bank than a distance equal to the depth of the excavation, the railway must ensure that the excavation sides are sloped or supported as specified by a professional engineer or professional geoscientist, or that the sides of the excavation are:

(a) sloped at angles, dependent on soil conditions, which will ensure stable faces, but in no case may the slope or combination of vertical cut and sloping exceed that shown in Figure 14.1

(d) supported by manufactured or prefabricated trench boxes or shoring cages, or other effective means .

(2) If the end of a trench over 1.2 m (4 ft) in depth is not adequately sloped, end shoring must be installed unless:

(a) an employee in the trench is not required to approach closer to the end of the trench than a distance equal to the depth of the trench at that end;

(b) where, for the prevailing soil conditions at the end of the trench, the permissible spacing of uprights equals or exceeds the width of the trench; or

(3) If end shoring is required, the walers for the end shoring must be installed to bear against the walers that extend along the sides of the trench, or in a manner that will provide equivalent structural restraint.

(4) End shoring must be designed by a professional engineer if the end shoring waler length exceeds 1.8 m (6 ft).

(5) Shoring must extend from at least 30 cm (1 ft) above ground level to as close to the bottom of the trench as the material being installed will allow, but in no case more than 60 cm (2 ft) from the bottom.

(6) Shoring need not extend above ground level where traffic crossing plates need to be used, provided that other measures are taken to prevent excavated material from entering the excavation

(1) Timber shoring materials must be lumber graded Number 2 or better from the following species groups: Douglas fir-larch, hemlock-fir, spruce-pine-fir or coast-Sitka-spruce.

(2) All lumber must be graded to the National Lumber Grades Authority Standard Grading Rules for Canadian Lumber, or other grading rules acceptable to the board.

(1) Shoring materials must be installed from the top down and removed in reverse order .

(2) Employees must not enter an excavation to remove shoring materials if ground conditions have deteriorated so as to make entry for shoring removal unsafe .

(3) Shoring or manufactured or prefabricated support systems must be installed in firm contact with the faces of the excavation, and in a manner which ensures no loss of soil from behind or below the bottom of the shield or shoring while the excavation is open.

(4) Unless otherwise indicated by the manufacturer or a professional engineer, in writing, voids between the shoring and the excavation face must be backfilled or blocked.

Manufactured equipment for supporting an excavation must be used, inspected, repaired and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions or those of a professional engineer .

(1) Trench support structures, other than those designed by a professional engineer, must comply with Table
14.45 for the following soil conditions:

Soil type	Description of soil
A	hard and solid
B	likely to crack or crumble
C	soft, sandy, filled or loose

(2) If Table 14.45 is to be used for a combination of supporting and sloping, the selection of shoring elements must be based on the overall depth of the excavation, and the arrangement must conform to Figure 14.3

(3) Cross braces and trench jacks must be installed in a horizontal position and must be secured against dislodgement.

(4) The minimum number of cross braces at each bracing location is determined by the trench depth as follows:

Depth at location	Number of braces
up to 2.4 m (8 ft)	2
2.4 m to 3.7 m (8 ft to 12 ft)	3
3.7 m to 4.6 m (12 ft to 15 ft)	4
4.6 m to 6 m (15 ft to 20 ft)	5

(5) At each cross bracing location the cross braces must be less than 1.2 m (4 ft) apart, and the uppermost cross brace must be within 60 cm (2 ft) of ground level.

(6) Manufactured trench jacks extended by a screw, hydraulic pressure or pneumatic means must be used in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer or a professional engineer .

(7) Hydraulic or pneumatic trench jacks must have a means of ensuring that they will not collapse in the event of loss of internal pressure.

(8) Uprights must not spread outwards more than 15 degrees from the vertical when viewed along the trench.

(e) cross braces bearing on uprights or walers are located at all joints in plywood sheathing.

If the average depth of a spoil pile which is adjacent to a supported excavation exceeds 60 cm (2 ft), the selection of the shoring must take into account the resulting increase in lateral soil pressure.

(1) Safe means of entry and exit must be provided for an excavation an employee enters.

(2) If employees are required to enter a trench over 1.2 m (4 ft) deep, the safe point of entry and exit must be located within 8 m (25 ft) of the employees and the excavation must be safely supponed or sloped to the entry and exit location.

(4) The open side of an access route into an excavation used by mobile equipment must have a curb

If an excavation is a hazard to employees, it must be effectively covered or guarded

A walkway across an excavation must be at least 50 cm (20 in) wide, and if crossing an excavation over 1.2 m (4 ft) deep, be equipped with guardrails, meeting the requirements of Division 2 of this Part, on both sides.

(1) Excavated material must be kept back a minimum distance of 60 cm (2 ft) from the edge of a trench excavation and 1.2 m (4 ft) from any other excavation.

(2) Under no circumstances may excavated material be piled so that it endangers employees.

If a skip or bucket is used to remove material from an excavation, horizontal shoring members must be shielded from dislodgement with vertical planking.

The sides of an excavation must be scaled and trimmed or otherwise stabilized to prevent slides of material or falls of rock which could endanger employees .

In pits, quarries and similar excavations the height of unstable faces must not exceed the maximum safe reach of the excavation equipment being used.

Whenever possible, power machines excavating banks must be positioned so that the operator is on the side away from the bank and with the boom positioned closest to the side of the excavation.

(1) Water must not be allowed to accumulated in an excavation if it might affect the stability of the excavation or might endanger employees.

(2) Erosion of slopes by surface water must be prevented if employees may be endangered.

¹The dimensions shown are minimum and must be increased if necessary to meet job conditions

²The dimensions of members in millimetres are actual dimensions for surface dry materials. The dimensions in inches are the noniinal values for surface dry materials.

³Trenches less than 1.2 m (4 it) deep must be shored when hazardous ground movement may be expected, as in ground subject to hydraulic pressure or vibration.

⁴Walers may be omitted in trenches not exceeding 2.4 m (8 ft) in depth provided that it has been conf1rmed that the soil is sufficiently hard and solid to safely permit waler deletion, and provided that the trench is not in proximity to previously excavated ground.

Case 1 (trench or bulk excavation) - maximum slope of excavated face, shown as line AB, in hard and solid soil is 3 horizontal to 4 vertical

Case 2 (trench or bulk excavation) - maximum height of vertical portion, shown as line AB is 1.2 metres (4 ft.)

For case 2 ( (trench or bulk excavation), the maximum permissible slope of the excavated face of BC fro the corresponding height of the lower vertical cut AB is shown in Table 14.48

"rappel" means the method of moving down a face or other steep slope by means of a rope secured above and placed around a controlled descent device secured to a belt or harness worn by an employee, and payed out gradually in the descent;

"sit harness" means a body support device consisting of thigh and waist loops; and

"work positioning" means a form of fall restraint that holds an employee in a work position;

Rock scaling and like work must be undertaken from the top down, and any area into which material will fall must be kept clear of employees and equipment.

(1) An employee on a rock face or other steep slope must be protected from falling by a work positioning or rappelling system, or by a fall arrest system as required by Division 11 of this Part.

(2) A single rope positioning system may be used by an employee to rappel to and remain in work locations on a rock face or other steep slope if tension is maintained in the rappel rope at all times so that the employee is not exposed to free fall.

(3) If the work practice could result in a slack line in the rappel or work positioning system and a fall could occur , a personal fall arrest system, independently anchored, meeting the requirements of Division 11 of this Part must be used.

(4) Rappelling techniques must provide automatic stopping by means of a mechanical fall arrestor , Prusik sling or other device acceptable to the safety officer .

(5) A rappelling or fall arrest system must be used in a manner that minimi7es the swing fall hazard.

(a) be synthetic fibre rope with a breaking strength specified by the manufacturer of at least 27 kN (6,000 lbs) or be at least 16 mm (5/8 in) diameter wire-core fibre rope.

(b) be long enough to reach a safe landing spot from which egress without rappelling is possible; and

(1) The ultimate load capacity of an anchor for a rappel1ing or fall protection line must be at least 22 kN (5,000 lbs.).

(2) Each rappel line and fall arrest lifeline that is tied to a natural anchor such as a tree, Stump or rock outcrop must also be tied to a second anchor of at least equa11oad capacity .

(3) A rappelling rope must be attached to an anchor and, must be positioned to avoid bearing on any sharp edge or surface likely to cause rope damage, and if it is not practicable to avoid sharp edges or surfaces, rope protectors or wire-cored rope must be used.

A sit harness with rope attachment below the waist level may be used for work positioning or rappelling.

When a pile is being hoisted in the leads only employees engaged in that operation may remain on the superstructure or in any area into which the pile could fall

Each hoisting winch must have a suitable roof or shelter to protect the operator from falling objects.

Any exhaust gases and any air or steam discharge must be controlled so as not to harm employees or interfere with the ability of the operator or other employees to see the operation as necessary to work safely.

(1) The pile driver operator must ensure that a suspended hammer is securely chocked when not in use.

(2) On a pile driver with swinging or suspended leads the hammer must not be raised until necessary

(1) If a structure is to be demolished in whole or part, the structure and any adjoining structures, the integrity of which could be compromised by the demolition, must be supported to the extent and in a manner prescribed by a professional engineer .

(1) must include a schedule, based on the stages of demolition, for installation of the components of the support system, and a copy of the support system plan must be available at the demolition site.

(3) While salvage is taking place before or during the demolition process, the integrity of the structure must be maintained.

(4) If the nature and method of demolition will not endanger employees and the stability of adjoining grounds and structures will not be compromised, engineered plans and designs are not required.

Before work begins on the demolition or salvage of machinery , equipment building or structures, the railway must:

(a) inspect the site to identify any asbestos, lead or other heavy metal or toxic, flammable or explosive materials that may be handled, disturbed or removed;

(b) have the inspection results available at the worksite, including any drawings, plans or specifications, as appropriate, to show the locations of any hazardous substances;

(d) if hazardous materials are discovered during demolition work that were not identified in the inspection required by paragraph (a), ensure that all work ceases until such materials are contained or removed.

Demolition must not proceed until all electric, gas and other services which may endanger an employee have been disconnected as required by the owner of the applicable utility .

(1) If glass in a building or other strocnIre could endanger employees it must be removed before demolition commences.

(2) Glass removal must proceed in an orderly manner from the top of the building to the bottom of the structure.

Materials and equipment must not be allowed to fall or accumulate on floors of the structure in quantities that will exceed the safe carrying capacity of the floor .

(1) If falling material could endanger an employee, the danger area must be guarded to prevent entry by employees or protected by adequate canopies.

(2) A floor or roof opening through which material may fall and endanger employees must be adequately covered.

If material is to be dropped or thrown from upper floors, the area into which the material will fall must be barricaded to prevent employees from entering the area and conspicuous warning signs must be displayed to advise of the danger .

If a dangerous or unstable wall is to be left standing, it must be adequately braced.

During the dismantling or renovation of a building or structure, materials of a size or weight which may endanger employees must not be allowed to fall, unless procedures are used that will adequately protect employees.

Material and debris must not be allowed to accumulate on floors or on the ground outside the building or structure if employees will be endangered.

Stairways, complete with handrails, must be left intact until access to the level they serve is no longer required.

Size and spacing of members ¹ (metric figures)
UPRIGHTS			WALERS		CROSS BRACES
Trench depth (metres)	Minimum dimensions (millimetres) ²	Maximum spacing (metres)	Minimum dimensions (millimetres) ²	Maximum vertical spacing (metres)	Width of trench (metres) Up to 1.8 1.8-3.7 Minimum dimensions (millimetres) ²		Maximum spacing (metres)
Trench depth (metres)	Minimum dimensions (millimetres) ²	Maximum spacing (metres)	Minimum dimensions (millimetres) ²	Maximum vertical spacing (metres)			Vertical	Horizontal
Type A: Hard and solid soil
1.2-3 ³	38 x 235	1.8	89 x 140	1.2	89 x 89	140 x 140	1.2	1.8
3-4.6	38 x 235	1.2	140 x 140	1.2	89 x 140	140 x 191	1.2	1.8
4.6-6	38 x 235	Close tight	140 x 140	1.2	140 x 191	140 x 191	1.2	1.8
Type B: Soil likely to crack or crumble
1.2-3 ³	38 x 235	1.2	89 x 140	1.2	89 x 140	140 x 140	1.2	1.8
3-4.6	38 x 235	0.9	140 x 191	1.2	140 x 140	140 x 191	1.2	1.8
4.6-6	38 x 235	Close tight	140 x 191	1.2	140 x 191	140 x 191	1.2	1.8
Type C: Soft, sandy, filled or loose soil
1.2-3 ³	38 x 235	Close tight	140 x 191	1.2	140 x 140	140 x 191	1.2	1.8
3-4.6	38 x 235	Close tight	191 x 191	1.2	140 x 191	191 x 191	1.2	1.8
4.6-6	64 x 235	Close tight	191 x 241	1.2	140 x 191	191 x 241	1.2	1.8
Size and spacing of members ¹ (imperial figures)
UPRIGHTS			WALERS		CROSS BRACES
Trench depth (feet)	Minimum dimensions (inches) ²	Maximum spacing (feet)	Minimum dimensions (inches) ²	Maximum vertical spacing (feet)	Width of trench (feet) Up to 6 6-12 Minimum dimensions (inches) ²		Maximum spacing (feet)
Trench depth (feet)	Minimum dimensions (inches) ²	Maximum spacing (feet)	Minimum dimensions (inches) ²	Maximum vertical spacing (feet)			Vertical	Horizontal
Type A: Hard and solid soil
4-10 ³	2 x 10	6	4 x 6 ⁴	4	4 x 4	6 x 6	4	6
10-15	2 x 10	4	6 x 6	4	4 x 6	6 x 8	4	6
15-20	2 x 10	Close tight	6 x 6	4	6 x 8	8 x 8	4	6
Type B: Soil likely to crack or crumble
4-10 ³	2 x 10	4	4 x 6	4	4 x 6	6 x 6	4	6
10-15	2 x 10	3	6 x 8	4	6 x 6	6 x 8	4	6
15-20	2 x 10	Close tight	6 x 8	4	6 x 8	8 x 8	4	6
Type C: Soft, sandy, filled or loose soil
4-10 ³	2 x 10	Close tight	6 x 8	4	6 x 6	6 x 8	4	6
10-15	2 x 10	Close tight	8 x 8	4	6 x 8	8 x 8	4	6
15-20	3 x 10	Close tight	8 x 10	4	6 x 8	8 x 10	4	6

Height of line AB		Maximum slope of line BC
centimetres	feet	(in hard and solid soil)
up to 30	up to 1	1 horizontal (H) to 1 vertical (V)
30 to 60	1 to 2	3H to 2V
60 to 90	2 to 3	2H to 1V
90 to 120	3 to 4	3H to 1V