In this Division:

"brightness' means the ratio between any two surfaces in the field of vision, expressed as a percentage;

"contrast" means the ratio of luminance or light coming from an object and its background, termed positive when the object is lighter than the background and negative when the object is darker than the background;

" general illumination" means an array of fixtures that provide a fairly uniform level of light for a large area, sometimes over the whole workplace;

" glare" means the brightness within the field of vision that causes eye fatigue or loss of visual performance;

"illuminance" means the amount of light falling on a surface, as a measure in lux;

"local illumination" means a fixture or group of fixtures that provide light over a specific work location such as a service counter in a warehouse;

"luminance" means the amount of light reflected by a surface at a given angle, as measured in lux;

"lux" means a metric unit of measurement for light (llux = 0.093 foot candles);

"reflectance" means the ratio of light reflected from a surface to that faIling on the surface, expressed as a percentage;

"task illumination" means a movable light that is usually within 50 cm (20 inches) of the item or task;

Illumination Levels
14.6.1.1

(1) The levels of lighting required by this subdivision must, if reasonably practicable, be provided by a lighting system installed by the railway.

(2) If it is not reasonably practicable to comply with subsection (15, the railway must provide portable lanterns that give the required levels of lighting.

Measurement or Levels or Lighting
14.6.1.2

For the purposes of this Division, ..the level of lighting in an area must be measured;

(a) at the level at which the work is performed if the work is performed at a level higher than the floor;

(b) at floor level if the source of lighting is at floor level; and (c) 1-m above the floor in every other case.

14.6.1.3 The level of lighting in an area must not be less than the following:

Levels of Lighting for Flagging, Switching and Marshalling
14.6.1.4

(1) The levels of lighting in areas where employees are engaged in the flagging, switching and marshalling of rolling stock must be 55 lux (5 footcandles).

(2) Where it is impracticable to install permanent illumination, as required by subsection (a), hand held or portable illumination must be provided by the railway to provide sufficient illumination for employees to safely perform their duties.

(3) A safety officer may direct the railway to install permanent illumination to an acceptable standard in any area where the flagging, switching and marshalling of rolling stock is undertaken.

Emergency Lighting
14.6.1.5

( 1) If the lighting system fails in an area through which an employee passes while carrying out procedures referred to in section 14.6.1.4, emergency lighting must be available for immediate use in the area.

(2) The emergency lighting referred to in subsection (1) must:

(a) operate automatically, if reasonably practicable, in the event of a failure of the lighting system; and "

(b) provide a level of lighting of 35 Ix (3 foot candles).

Illumination Levels
14.6.2.1

(1) Except as provided in subsection (2) and (3) a railway must provide and maintain a safe illumination level as follows:

(a) in an area of low activity , 22 lux (2 footcandles);

(b) in an area of high activity, 54 lux (5 footcandles); and

(c) in an area where passengers congregate, 100 lux (10 footcandles).

(2) For tasks which require the ability to distinguish detail an employer must provide and maintain illumination in accordance with Table 14.17.

(3) For work process which require lower illumination levels than those specified in sub- section (1) and (2), the railway may use alternative, effective means to ensure the safety of employees.

Means of Illumination
14.6.2.2

The lighting required by section 14.6.2.1 must be provided by general, local or task illumination, or an effective combination of them.

Brightness, Reflectance and Glare
14.6.2.3

Lighting must be designed and installed to control:

(a) brightness ratios;

(b) reflectance values; and

(c) glare

Illumination Measurement
14.6.2.4

(1) The measurement of illumination must be done in accordance with the procedures in the illumination Engineering Society Handbook or other standard acceptable to the C.I.E.

(2) A photometer used to measure illumination levels must be colour and cosine corrected.

Emergency Lighting
14.6.2.5

(1) Where failure of a lighting system would create conditions dangerous to the health and safety of the employees, an emergency lighting system must be provided for the workplace and the exit routes.

(2) An emergency lighting system must provide dependable illumination to enable the carrying out of all emergency measures including: (a) emergency shutdown procedures, and

(b) evacuation of employees from the premises.

(3) An emergency system in a fixed facility must conform to the requirements of section 3.2 of the B. C. Building Code with regards to: (a) illumination level;

(b) use of recessed fixtures;

(c) duration of emergency lighting;

(d) the use of self-contained emergency lighting units; and (e) emergency electrical power supply.

(4) The emergency lighting system must be inspected, tested and maintained to meet the requirements of section 6.8 (Emergency Power Systems and Unit Equipment for Emergency Lighting) of the BC Fire Code.